CAP!.  JOHN.G.  BOURKE 


University  of  California  •  Berkeley 


rf-T 
V3 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN 


IN  THE  SIERRA  MADEE. 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  EXPEDITION  IN  PURSUIT  OF  THE 

HOSTILE  CHIRICAHUA  APACHES  IN  THE 

SPRING  OF  1883. 


JOHN   G.    BOURKE, 

CAPTAIN  THIBD  CAVALRY,  U.  S.  ARMY, 
AUTHOR  OF  "  THE  SNAKE  DANCE  OF  THE  Moqcis. 


ILLUSTRATED 


NEW  YORK 
CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS. 

1886. 


Press  of  J.  J.  Little  &  Co., 
Nos.  10  to  20  Astor  Place,  New  York. 


PEEFACE. 


THE  recent  outbreak  of  a  fraction  of  the 
Chiriealma  Apaches,  and  the  frightful  atrocities 
which  have  marked  their  trail  through  Arizona, 
Sonora,  New  Mexico,  and  Chihuahua,  has  at 
tracted  renewed  attention  to  these  brave  but 
bloodthirsty  aborigines  and  to  the  country  ex 
posed  to  their  ravages. 

The  contents  of  this  book,  which  originally 
appeared  in  a  serial  form  in  the  Outing  Maga 
zine  of  Boston,  represent  the  details  of  the  ex 
pedition  led  by  General  Crook  to  the  Sierra 
Madre,  Mexico,  in  1883;  but,  as  the  present 
military  operations  are  conducted  by  the  same 
commander,  against  the  same  enemy,  and  upon 
the  same  field  of  action,  a  perusal  of  these  pages 
will,  it  is  confidently  believed,  place  before  the 
reader  a  better  knowledge  of  the  general  situa 
tion  than  any  article  which  is  likely  soon  to 
appear. 

M92559 


iv  PREFA  CE. 

There  is  this  difference  to  be  noted,  however ; 
of  the  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  (125)  fight 
ing  men  brought  back  from  the  Sierra  Madre, 
less  than  one-third  have  engaged  in  the  present 
hostilities,  from  which  fact  an  additional  infer 
ence  may  be  drawn  both  of  the  difficulties  to 
be  overcome  in  the  repression  of  these  distur 
bances  and  of  the  horrors  which  would  surely 
have  accumulated  upon  the  heads  of  our  citi 
zens  had  the  whole  fighting  force  of  this  fierce 
band  taken  to  the  mountains. 

Orie  small  party  of  eleven  (11)  hostile  Chiri- 
cahuas,  during  the  period  from  November  15th, 
1885,  to  the  present  date,  has  killed  twenty-one 
(21)  friendly  Apaches  living  in  peace  upon  the 
reservation,  and  no  less  than  twenty -five  (25) 
white  men,  women,  and  children.  This  bloody 
raid  has  been  conducted  through  a  country 
filled  with  regular  troops,  militia,  and  "  rangers," 
—and  at  a  loss  to  the  enemy,  so  far  as  can  be 
shown,  of  only  one  man,  whose  head  is  now  at 
Fort  Apache. 


JOHN  G.  BOURKE. 


APACHE  INDIAN  .AGENCY, 

SAN  CARLOS,  ARIZONA, 

December  15th,  1885. 


LIST   OF   ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PAGE 

CRAWFORD'S  COLUMN  MOVING  TO  THE  FRONT Frontispiece. 

APACHE  VILLAGE  SCENE to  face      7 

APACHE  WAR  DANCE 17 

APACHE  INDIAN  SCOUTS  EXAMINING  TRAILS  BY  NIGHT 23 

APACHE  AWL-CASES,  TOBACCO  BAGS,  ETC 26 

APACHE  AMBUSCADE 34 

APACHE  HEAD-DRESSES,   SHOES,  TOYS,  ETC 49 

APACHE  WEAPONS  AND  EQUIPMENTS 64 

APACHE  GIRL,  WITH  TYPICAL  DRESS 79 

APACHE  WARFARE 88 

APACHE  BASKET-WORK 100 

FIGHTING  THE  PRAIRIE  FIRE..  107 


AN   APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 


r. 


WITHIN  the  compass  of  this  volume  it  is  im 
possible  to  furnish  a  complete  dissertation 
upon  the  Apache  Indians  or  the  causes  which 
led  up  to  the  expedition  about  to  be  described. 
The  object  is  simply  to  outline  some  of  the  dif 
ficulties  attending  the  solution  of  the  Indian 
question  in  the  South-west  and  to  make  known 
the  methods  employed  in  conducting  campaigns 
against  savages  in  hostility.  It  is  thought  that 
the  object  desired  can  best  be  accomplished  by 
submitting  an  unmutilated  extract  from  the 
journal  carefully  kept  during  the  whole  period 
involved. 

Much  has  necessarily  been  excluded,  but 
without  exception  it  has  been  to  avoid  repeti 
tion,  or  else  to  escape  the  introduction  of  infor 
mation  bearing  upon  the  language,  the  religion, 


2  AN  APACHfi  CAMPAIGN. 

marriages,  funeral  ceremonies,  etc.,  of  this  in 
teresting  race,  which  would  increase  the  bulk 
of  the  manuscript,  and,  perhaps,  detract  from 
its  value  in  the  eyes  of  the  general  reader. 
;  Ethnok'gicjaiUy  the  Apache  is  classed  with 
thife  Tirineh  tribes,  living  close  to  the  Yukon 
'aid-  SVfaieteiizic  /rivers,  within  the  Arctic  circle. 
For  centuries  he  has  been  preeminent  over  the 
more  peaceful  nations  about  him  for  courage, 
skill,  and  daring  in  war ;  cunning  in  deceiving 
and  evading  his  enemies;  ferocity  in  attack 
when  skilfully-planned  ambuscades  have  led 
an  unwary  foe  into  his  clutches;. cruelty  and 
brutality  to  captives ;  patient  endurance  and 
fortitude  under  the  greatest  privations. 

In  peace  he  has  commanded  respect  for  keen- 
sighted  intelligence,  good  fellowship,  warmth 
of  feeling  for  his  friends,  and  impatience  of 
wrong. 

No  Indian  has  more  virtues  and  none  has 
been  more  truly  ferocious  when  aroused.  He 
was  the  first  of  the  native  Americans  to  defeat 
in  battle  or  outwit  in  diplomacy  the  all- con 
quering,  smooth-tongued  Spaniard,  with  whom 
and  his  Mexican-mongrel  descendants  he  has 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  3 

waged  cold-blooded,  heart-sickening  war  since 
the  days  of  Cortes.  When  the  Spaniard  had 
fire-arms  and  corselet  of  steel  he  was  unable  to 
push  back  this  fierce,  astute  aborigine,  provided 
simply  with  lance  and  bow.  The  past  fifty 
years  have  seen  the  Apache  provided  with 
arms  of  precision,  and,  especially  since  the  in 
troduction  of  magazine  breech-loaders,  the 
Mexican  has  not  only  ceased  to  be  an  intruder 
upon  the  Apache,  but  has  trembled  for  the 
security  of  life  and  property  in  the  squalid 
hamlets  of  the  States  of  Chihuahua  and  Son- 
ora. 

In  1871  the  War  Department  confided  to 
General  George  Crook  the  task  of  whipping 
into  submission  all  the  bands  of  the  Apache 
nation  living  in  Arizona.  How  thoroughly 
that  duty  was  accomplished  is  now  a  matter  of 
history.  But  at  the  last  moment  one  band — 
the  Chiricahuas — was  especially  exempted  from 
Crook's  jurisdiction.  They  were  not  attacked 
by  troops,  and  for  years  led  a  Jack-in-the-box 
sort  of  an  existence,  now  popping  into  an 
agency  and  now  popping  out,  anxious,  if  their 
own  story  is  to  be  credited,  to  live  at  peace 


4  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

with  the  whites,  but  unable  to  do  so  from  lack 
of  nourishment. 

When  they  went  upon  the  reservation,  ra 
tions  in  abundance  were  promised  for  them 
selves  and  families.  A  difference  of  opinion 
soon  arose  with  the  agent  as  to  what  consti 
tuted  a  ration,  the  wicked  Indians  laboring 
under  the  delusion  that  it  was  enough  food  to 
keep  the  recipient  from  starving  to  death,  and 
objecting  to  an  issue  of  supplies  based  upon 
the  principle  according  to  which  grumbling 
Jack-tars  used  to  say  that  prize-money  was 
formerly  apportioned, — that  is,  by  being  thrown 
through  the  rungs  of  a  ladder — what  stuck  be 
ing  the  share  of  the  Indian,  and  what  fell  to 
the  ground  being  the  share  of  the  agent.  To 
the  credit  of  the  agent  it  must  be  said  that  he 
made  a  praiseworthy  but  ineffectual  effort  to 
alleviate  the  pangs  of  hunger  by  a  liberal  dis 
tribution  of  hymn-books  among  his  wards. 
The  perverse  Chiricahuas,  not  being  able  to 
digest  works  of  that  nature,  and  unwilling  to 
acknowledge  the  correctness  of  the  agent's  arith 
metic,  made  up  their  minds  to  sally  out  from 
San  Carlos  and  take  refuge  in  the  more  hospit- 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  5 

able  wilderness  of  the  Sierra  Mad  re.  Their 
discontent  was  not  allayed  by  rumors  whis 
pered  about  of  the  intention  of  the  agent  to 
have  the  whole  tribe  removed  bodily  to  the 
Indian  Territory.  Coal  had  been  discovered  on 
the  reservation,  and  speculators  clamored  that 
the  land  involved  be  thrown  open  for  develop 
ment,  regardless  of  the  rights  of  the  Indians. 
But,  so  the  story  goes,  matters  suddenly  reached 
a  focus  when  the  agent  one  day  sent  his  chief  of 
police  to  arrest  a  Chiricahua  charged  with  some 
offense  deemed  worthy  of  punishment  in  the 
guard-house.  The  offender  started  to  run 
through  the  Indian  camp,  and  the  chief  of  police 
fired  at  him,  but  missed  his  aim  and  killed  a 
luckless  old  squaw,  who  happened  in  range. 
This  wretched  marksmanship  was  resented  by 
the  Chiricahuas,  who  refused  to  be  comforted 
by  the  profuse  apologies  tendered  for  the  acci 
dent.  They  silently  made  their  preparations, 
waiting  long  enough  to  catch  the  chief  of  po 
lice,  kill  him,  cut  off  his  head,  and  play  a  game 
of  foot-ball  with  it ;  and  then,  like  a  flock  of 
quail,  the  whole  band,  men,  women,  and  chil 
dren — 710  in  all — started  on  the  dead  run  for 


6  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

the  Mexican  boundary,  one  hundred  and  fifty 
miles  to  the  south. 

Hotly  pursued  by  the  troops,  they  fought 
their  way  across  Southern  Arizona  and  New 
Mexico,  their  route  marked  by  blood  and  dev 
astation.  The  valleys  of  the  Santa  Cruz  and 
San  Pedro  witnessed  a  repetition  of  the  once 
familiar  scenes  of  farmers  tilling  their  fields 
with  rifles  and  shot-guns  strapped  to  the  plow- 
handle.  While  engaged  in  fighting  off  the 
American  forces,  which  pressed  too  closely  upon 
their  rear,  the  Apaches  were  attacked  in  front 
by  the  Mexican  column  under  Colonel  Garcia, 
who,  in  a  savagely  contested  fight,  achieved  a 
"substantial  victory,"  killing  eighty-five  and 
capturing  thirty,  eleven  of  which  total  of  one 
hundred  and  fifteen  were  men,  and  the  rest 
women  and  children.  The  Chiricahuas  claim 
that  when  the  main  body  of  their  warriors 
reached  the  scene  of  the  engagement  the  Mexi 
cans  evinced  no  anxiety  to  come  out  from  the 
rifle-pits  they  hastily  dug.  To  this  fact  no 
allusion  can  be  found  in  the  Mexican  com 
mander's  published  dispatches. 

The  Chiricahuas,  now  reduced  to  an  aggre- 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  7 

gate  of  less  than  600 — 150  of  whom  were  war 
riors  and  big  boys,  withdrew  to  the  recesses 
of  the  adjacent  Sierra  Madre — their  objective 
point.  Not  long  after  this  the  Chiricahuas 
made  overtures  for  an  armistice  with  the  Mex 
icans,  who  invited  them  to  a  little  town  near 
Casas  Grandes,  Chihuahua,  for  a  conference. 
They  were  courteously  received,  plied  with 
liquor  until  drunk,  and  then  attacked  tooth  and 
nail,  ten  or  twelve  warriors  being  killed  and 
some  twenty- five  or  thirty  women  hurried  off 
to  captivity. 

This  is  a  one-sided  description  of  the  affair, 
given  by  a  Chiricahua  who  participated.  The 
newspapers  of  that  date  contained  telegraph  ac 
counts  of  a  fierce  battle  and  another  "  victory  " 
from  Mexican  sources  ;  so  that  no  doubt  there 
is  some  basis  for  the  story. 

Meantime  General  Crook  had  been  reassigned 
by  the  President  to  the  command  of  the  De 
partment  of  Arizona,  which  he  had  left  nearly 
ten  years  previously  in  a  condition  of  peace  and 
prosperity,  with  the  Apaches  hard  at  work 
upon  the  reservation,  striving  to  gain  a  living 
by  cultivating  the  soil.  Incorupetency  and 


8  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

rascality,  in  the  interval,  had  done  their  worst, 
and  when  Crook  returned  not  only  were  the 
Chiricahuas  on  the  war-path,  but  all  the  other 
bands  of  the  Apache  .nation  were  in  a  state 
of  scarcely  concealed  defection  and  hostility. 
Crook  lost  not  a  moment  in  visitino;  his  old 

o 

friends  among  the  chiefs  and  warriors,  and  by 
the  exercise  of  a  strong  personal  influence, 
coupled  with  assurances  that  the  wrongs  of 
which  the  Apaches  complained  should  be 
promptly  redressed,  succeeded  in  averting  an 
outbreak  which  would  have  .made  blood  now 
from  the  Pecos  to  the  Colorado,  and  for  the 
suppression  of  which  the  gentle  and  genial  tax 
payer  would  have  been  compelled  to  contribute 
most  liberally  of  his  affluence.  Attended  by 
an  aid-de-camp,  a  surgeon,  and  a  dozen  Apache 
scouts,  General  Crook  next  proceeded  to  the 
south-east  corner  of  Arizona,  from  which  point 
he  made  an  attempt  to  open  up  communication 
with  the  Chiricahuas.  In  this  he  was  unsuc 
cessful,  but  learned  from  a  couple  of  squaws, 
intercepted  while  attempting  to  return  to  the 
San  Carlos,  that  the  Chiricahuas  had  sworn  ven 
geance  upon  Mexicans  and  Americans  alike; 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  9 

that  their  stronghold  was  an  impregnable  posi 
tion  in  the  Sierra  Madre,  a  "great  way  "  below 
the  International  Boundary ;  and  that  they  sup 
plied  themselves  with  an  abundance  of  food  by 
raiding  upon  the  cattle-ranches  and  "hacien 
das  "  in  the  valleys  and  plains  below. 

Crook  now  found  himself  face  to  face  with 
the  following  intricate  problem  :  The  Chirica- 
huas  occupied  a  confessedly  impregnable  posi 
tion  in  the  precipitous  range  known  as  the 
Sierra  Madre.  This  position  was  within  the 
territory  of  another  nation  so  jealous  of  its 
privileges  as  not  always  to  be  able  to  see  clearly 
in  what  direction  its  best  interests  lay.  The 
territoiy  harassed  by  the  Chiricahuas  not  only 
stretched  across  the  boundary  separating  Mex 
ico  from  the  United  States,  but  was  divided 
into  four  military  departments — two  in  each 
country ;  hence  an  interminable  amount  of  jeal 
ousy,  suspicion,  fault-finding,  and  antagonism 
would  surely  dog  the  steps  of  him  who  should 
endeavor  to  bring  the  problem  to  a  solution. 

To  complicate  matters  further,  the  Chirica 
huas,  and  all  the  other  Apaches  as  well,  were 
filled  with  the  notion  that  the  Mexicans  were  a 


10  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

horde  of  cowards  and  treacherous  liars,  afraid 
to  meet  them  in  war  but  valiant  enough  to  de 
stroy  their  women  and  children,  for  whose 
blood,  by  the  savage's  law  of  retaliation,  blood 
must  in  turn  be  shed.  Affairs  went  on  in  this 
unsatisfactory  course  from  October,  1882,  until 
March,  1883,  everybody  in  Arizona  expecting  a 
return  of  the  dreaded  Chiricahuas,  but  no  one 
knowing  where  the  first  attack  should  be  made. 
The  meagre  military  force  allotted  to  the  de 
partment  was  distributed  so  as  to  cover  as  many 
exposed  points  as  possible,  one  body  of  150 
Apache  scouts,  under  Captain  Emmet  Craw 
ford,  Third  Cavalry,  being  assigned  to  the  ar 
duous  duty  of  patrolling  the  Mexican  boundary 
for  a  distance  of  two  hundred  miles,  through 
a  rugged  country  pierced  with  ravines  and 
canons.  No  one  was  suprised  to  learn  that 
toward  the  end  of  March  this  skeleton  line  had 
been  stealthily  penetrated  by  a  bold  band  of 
twenty-six  Chiricahuas,  under  a  very  crafty 
and  daring  young  chief  named  CJiato  (Spanish 
for  Flat  Nose). 

By  stealing  fresh  horses  from   every  ranch 
they  were  successful  in  traversing  from  seventy- 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  11 

five  to  one  hundred  miles  a  day,  killing  and  de 
stroying  all  in  their  path,  the  culminating  point 
in  their  bloody  career  being  the  butchery  of 
Judge  McComas  and  wife,  prominent  and  re 
fined  people  of  Silver  City,  N.  M.,  and  the  ab 
duction  of  their  bright  boy,  Charlie,  whom  the 
Indians  carried  back  with  them  on  their  re 
treat  through  New  Mexico  and  Chihuahua. 

It  may  serve  to  give  some  idea  of  the  cour 
age,  boldness,  and  sublety  of  these  raiders  to 
state  that  in  their  dash  through  Sonora,  Ari 
zona,  New-  Mexico,  and  Chihuahua,  a  distance  of 
not  less  than  eight  hundred  miles,  they  passed 
at  times  through  localities  fairly  well  settled  and 
close  to  an  aggregate  of  at  least  5,000  troops— 
4,500  Mexican  and  500  American.  They  killed 
twenty-five  persons,  Mexican  and  American,  and 
lost  but  two — one  killed  near  the  Total  Wreck 
mine,  Arizona,  and  one  who  fell  into  the  hands 
of  the  American  troops,  of  which  last  much  has 
to  be  narrated. 

To  attempt  to  catch  such  a  band  of  Apaches 
by  direct  pursuit  would  be  about  as  hopeless  a 
piece  of  business  as  that  of  catching  so  many 
fleas.  All  that  could  be  done  was  done ;  the 


12  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

country  was  alarmed  by  telegraph ;  people  at 
exposed  points  put  upon  their  guard,  while  de 
tachments  of  troops  scoured  in  every  direction, 
hoping,  by  good  luck,  to  intercept,  retard,  may 
hap  destroy,  the  daring  marauders.  The  trail 
they  had  made  coming  up  from  Mexico  could, 
however,  be  followed,  back  to  the  stronghold ; 
and  this,  in  a  military  sense,  would  be  the  most 
direct,  as  it  would  be  the  most  practical  pursuit. 

Crook's  plans  soon  began  to  outline  them 
selves.     He  first  concentrated  at  the  most  elig 
ible  position  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad— 
Willcox — all  the  skeletons  of  companies  which 
were  available,  for  the  protection  of  Arizona. 

Forage,  ammunition,  and  subsistence  were 
brought  in  on  every  train  ;  the  whole  organiza 
tion  was  carefully  inspected,  to  secure  the  re 
jection  of  every  unserviceable  soldier,  animal, 
or  weapon  ;  telegrams  and  letters  were  sent  to 
the  oificers  commanding  the  troops  of  Mexico, 
but  no  replies  were  received,  the  addresses  of 
the  respective  generals  not  being  accurately 
known.  As  their  co-operation  was  desirable, 
General  Crook,  as  a  last  resort,  went  by  rail 
road  to  G-uaymas,  Hermosillo,  and  Chihuahua, 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  13 

tli ere  to  see  personally  and  confer  with  the 
Mexican  civil  and  military  authorities.  The 
cordial  reception  extended  him  by  all  classes 
was  the  best  evidence  of  the  high  regard  in 
which  he  was  held  by  the  inhabitants  of  the 
two  afflicted  States  of  Sonora  and  Chihuahua, 
and  of  their  readiness  to  welcome  any  force  he 
would  lead  to  effect  the  destruction  or  removal 
of  the  common  enemy.  Generals  Topete  and 
Carbo — soldiers  of  distinction — the  governors 
of  the  two  States,  and  Mayor  Zubiran,  of  Chi 
huahua,  were  most  earnest  in  their  desire  for 
a  removal  of  savages  whose  presence  was  a 
cloud  upon  the  prosperity  of  their  fellow-citi 
zens.  General  Crook  made  no  delay  in  these 
conferences,  but  hurried  back  to  Willcox  and 
marched  his  command  thence  to  the  San  Ber 
nardino  springs,  in  the  south-east  corner  of  the 
Territory  (Arizona).  » 

But  serious  delays  and  serious  complications 
were  threatened  by  the  intemperate  behavior 
of  an  organization  calling  itself  the  "  Tombstone 
Rangers,"  which  marched  in  the  direction  of  the 
San  Carlos  Agency  with  the  avowed  purpose 
of  "  cleaning  out "  all  the  Indians  there  congre- 


14  AN  APACHE    CAMPAIGN. 

gated.  The  chiefs  and  head  men  of  the 
Apaches  had  just  caused  word  to  be  tele 
graphed  to  General  Crook  that  they  intended 
sending  him  another  hundred  of  their  picked 
warriors  as  an  assurance  and  pledge  that  they 
were  not  in  sympathy  with  the  Chiricahuas  on 
the  warpath.  Upon  learning  of  the  approach 
of  the  "  Rangers  "  the  chiefs  prudently  deferred 
the  departure  of  the  new  levy  of  scouts  until 
the  horizon  should  clear,  and  enable  them  to 
see  what  was  to  be  expected  from  their  white 
neighbors. 

The  whiskey  taken  along  by  the  "  Rangers  " 
was  exhausted  in  less  than  ten  days,  when  the 
organization  expired  of  thirst,  to  the  gratifica 
tion  of  the  respectable  inhabitants  of  the  fron 
tier,  who  repudiated  an  interference  with  the 
plans  of  the  military  commander,  respected  and 
esteemed  by  them  for  former  distinguished  ser 
vices. 

At  this  point  it  may  be  well  to  insert  an 
outline  of  the  story  told  by  the  Chiricahua 
captive  who  had  been  brought  down  from  the 
San  Carlos  Agency  to  Willcox.  He  said  that 
his  name  was  Pa-nayo-tishn  (the  Cayote  saw 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  15 

him) ;  that  he  was  not  a  Chiricahua,  but  a 
White  Mountain  Apache  of  the  Dest-chin  (or 
Red  Clay)  clan,  married  to  two  Chiricahua  wo 
men,  by  whom  he  had  had  children,  and  with 
whose  people  he  had  lived  for  years.  He  had 
left  the  Chiricahua  stronghold  in  the  mountain 
called  Pa-got  zin-kay  some  five  days'  journey 
below  Casas  Grandes  in  Chihuahua.  From  that 
stronghold  the  Chiricahuas  had  been  raiding 
with  impunity  upon  the  Mexicans.  When  pur 
sued  they  would  draw  the  Mexicans  into  the 
depths  of  the  mountains,  ambuscade  them,  and 
kill  them  by  rolling  down  rocks  from  the 
heights. 

The  Chiricahuas  had  plenty  of  horses  and 
cattle,  but  little  food  of  a  vegetable  character. 
They  were  finely  provided  with  sixteen-shooting 
breech-loading  rifles,  but  were  getting  short  of 
ammunition,  and  had  made  their  recent  raid  into 
Arizona,  hoping  to  replenish  their  supply  of 
cartridges.  Dissensions  had  broken  out  among 
the  chiefs,  some  of  whom,  he  thought,  would 
be  glad  to  return  to  the  reservation.  In  making 
raids  they  counted  upon  riding  from  sixty  to 
seventy -five  miles  a  day  as  they  stole  fresh 


16  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

horses  all  the  time  and  killed  those  abandoned. 
It  would  .  be  useless  to  pursue  them,  but  he 
would  lead  General  Crook  back  along  the  trail 
they  had  made  coming  up  from  Mexico,  and  he 
had  no  doubt  the  Chiricahuas  could  be  taken 
by  surprise. 

He  had  not  gone  with  them  of  his  own  free 
will,  but  had  been  compelled  to  leave  the  res 
ervation,  and  had  been  badly  treated  while 
with  them.  The  Chiricahuas  left  the  San  Car 
los  because  the  agent  had  stolen  their  rations, 
beaten  their  women,  and  killed  an  old  squaw. 
He  asserted  emphatically  that  no  communi 
cation  of  any  kind  had  been  held  with  the 
Apaches  at  San  Carlos,  every  attempt  in  that 
direction  having  been  frustrated. 

The  Chiricahuas,  according  to  Pa-nay o-tishn, 
numbered  seventy  full-grown  warriors  and  fifty 
big  boys  able  to  fight,  with  an  unknown  number 
of  women  and  children.  In  their  fights  with  the 
Mexicans  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  had  been 
killed  and  captured,  principally  women  and  chil 
dren.  The  stronghold  in  the  Sierra  Madre  was 
described  as  a  dangerous,  rocky,  almost  inacces 
sible  place,  having  plenty  of  wood,  water,  and 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  17 

grass,  but  no  food  except  what  was  stolen  from 
the  Mexicans.  Consequently  the  Chiricahuas 
might  be  starved  out. 

General  Crook  ordered  the  irons  to  be  struck 
from  the  prisoner ;  to  which  he  demurred,  say 
ing  he  would  prefer  to  wear  shackles  for  the 
present,  until  his  conduct  should  prove  his  sin 
cerity.  A  half-dozen  prominent  scouts  prom 
ised  to  guard  him  and  watch  him ;  so  the 
fetters  were  removed,  and  Pa-nayo-tishn  or 
"  Peaches,"  as  the  soldiers  called  him,  was  in 
stalled  in  the  responsible  office  of  guide  of  the 
contemplated  expedition. 

By  the  22d  of  April  many  of  the  preliminary 
arrangements  had  been  completed  and  some  of 
the  difficulties  anticipated  had  been  smoothed 
over.  Nearly  100  Apache  scouts  joined  the 
command  from  the  San  Carlos  Reservation,  and 
in  the  first  hours  of  night  began  a  war-dance, 
which  continued  without  a  break  until  the  first 
flush  of  dawn  the  next  day.  They  were  all  in 
high  feather,  and  entered  into  the  spirit  of  the 
occasion  with  full  zest.  Not  much  time  need 
be  wasted  upon  a  description  of  their  dresses  ; 
they  didn't  wear  any,  except  breech-clout  and 


18  AN-  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

moccasins.  To  the  music  of  an  improvised 
drum  and  the  accompaniment  of  marrow-freez 
ing  yells  and  shrieks  they  pirouetted  and 
charged  in  all  directions,  swaying  their  bodies 
violently,  dropping  on  one  knee,  then  suddenly 
springing  high  in  air,  discharging  their  pieces, 
and  all  the  time  chanting  a  rude  refrain,  in 
which  their  own  prowess  was  exalted  and  that 
of  their  enemies  alluded  to  with  contempt. 
Their  enthusiasm  was  not  abated  by  the  an 
nouncement,  quietly  diffused,  that  the  "medi 
cine  men"  had  been  hard  at  work,  and  had 
succeeded  in  making  a  "medicine"  which 
would  surely  bring  the  Chiricahuas  to  grief. 

In  accordance  with  the  agreement  entered 
into  with  the  Mexican  authorities,  the  Arner- 
can  troops  were  to  reach  the  boundary  line  not 
sooner  than  May  1,  the  object  being  to  let  the 
restless  Chiricahuas  quiet  down  as  much  as 
possible,  and  relax  their  vigilance,  while  at  the 
same  time  it  enabled  the  Mexican  troops  to  get 
into  position  for  effective  co-operation. 

The  convention  between  our  government  and 
that  of  Mexico,  by  which  a  reciprocal  crossing 
of  the  International  Boundary  was  conceded  to 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  19 

the  troops  of  the  two  republics,  stipulated  that 
such  crossing  should  be  authorized  when  the 
troops  were  "  in  close  pursuit  of  a  band  of 
savage  Indians,"  and  the  crossing  was  made 
"in  the  unpopulated  or  desert  parts  of  said 
boundary  line,"  which  unpopulated  or  desert 
parts  "had  to  be  two  leagues  from  any  en 
campment  or  town  of  either  country."  The 
commander  of  the  troops  crossing  was  to  give 
notice  at  time  of  crossing,  or  before  if  possible, 
to  the  nearest  military  commander  or  civil 
authority  of  the  country  entered.  The  pur 
suing  force  was  to  retire  to  its  own  territory  as 
soon  as  it  should  have  fought  the  band  of 
which  it  was  in  pursuit,  or  lost  the  trail ;  and 
in  no  case  could  it  "  establish  itself  or  remain 
in  the  foreign  territory  for  a  longer  time  than 
necessary  to  make  the  pursuit  of  the  band 
whose  trail  it  had  followed." 

The  weak  points  of  this  convention  were  the 
imperative  stipulation  that  the  troops  should 
return  at  once  after  a  fight  and  the  ambiguity 
of  the  terms  "  close  pursuit,"  and  "  unpopulated 
country."  A  friendly  expedition  from  the 
United  States  might  follow  close  on  the  heels 


20  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

of  a  party  of  depredating  Apaches,  but,  under 
a  rigid  construction  of  the  term  "  unpopulated," 
have  to  turn  back  when  it  had  reached  some 
miserable  hamlet  exposed  to  the  full  ferocity 
of  savage  attack,  and  most  in  need  of  assistance, 
as  afterwards  proved  to  be  the  case. 

The  complication  was  not  diminished  by  the 
orders  dispatched  by  General  Sherman  on  March 
31  to  General  Crook  to  continue  the  pursuit  of 
the  Chiricahuas  "  without  regard  to  departmen 
tal  or  national  boundaries."  Both  General  Crook 
and  General  Topete,  anxious  to  have  every  dif 
ficulty  removed  which  lay  in  the  way  of  a 
thorough  adjustment  of  this  vexed  question, 
telegraphed  to  their  respective  governments 
asking  that  a  more  elastic  interpretation  be  given 
to  the  terms  of  the  convention. 

To  this  telegram  General  Crook  received  re 
ply  that  he  must  abide  strictly  by  the  terms  of 
the  convention,  which  could  only  be  changed 
with  the  concurrence  of  the  Mexican  Senate. 
But  what  these  terms  meant  exactly  was  left 
jusfc  as  much  in  the  dark  as  before.  On  the  23d 
of  April  General  Crook  moved  out  from  Will- 
cox,  accompanied  by  the  Indian  scouts  and  a 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  21 

force  of  seven  skeleton  companies  of  the  Third 
and  Sixth  Cavalry,  under  Colonel  James  Biddle, 
guarding  a  train  of  wagons,  with  supplies  of 
ammunition  and  food  for  two  months.  This 
force,  under  Colonel  Biddle,  was  to  remain  in 
reserve  at  or  near  San  Bernardino  Springs  on 
the  Mexican  boundary,  while  its  right  and  left 
flanks  respectively  were  to  be  covered  by  detach 
ments  commanded  by  Raff erfcy,  Vroom,  Overton, 
and  Anderson  ;  this  disposition  affording  the  best 
possible  protection  to  the  settlements  in  case  any 
of  the  Chiricahuas  should  make  their  way  to 
the  rear  of  the  detachment  penetrating  Mexico. 
A  disagreeable  sand-storm  enveloped  the  col 
umn  as  it  left  the  line  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad,  preceded  by  the  detachment  of  Apache 
scouts.  A  few  words  in  regard  to  the  peculiar 
methods  of  the  Apaches  in  marching  and  con 
ducting  themselves  while  on  a  campaign  may 
not  be  out  of  place.  To  veterans  of  the  cam 
paigns  of  the  Civil  War  familiar  with  the  com 
pact  formations  of  the  cavalry  and  infantry  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  the  loose,  straggling 
methods  of  the  Apache  scouts  would  appear 
startling,  and  yet  no  soldier  would  fail  to  appre- 


22  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

hend  at  a  glance  that  the  Apache  was  the  per 
fect,  the  ideal,  scout  of  the  whole  world.  When 
Lieutenant  Gate  wood,  the  officer  in  command, 
gave  the  short,  jerky  order,  Ugashe — Go ! — the 
Apaches  started  as  if  shot  from  a  gun,  and  in  a 
minute  or  less  had  covered  a  space  of  one  hun 
dred  yards  front,  which  distance  rapidly  wid 
ened  as  they  advanced,  at  a  rough,  shambling 
walk,  in  the  direction  of  Dos  Cabezas  (Two 
Heads),  the  mining  camp  near  which  the  first 
halt  was  to  be  made. 

They  moved  with  no  semblance  of  regulari 
ty;  individual  fancy  alone  governed.  Here 
was  a  clump  of  three;  not  far  off  two  more, 
and  scattered  in  every  point  of  the  compass, 
singly  or  in  clusters,  were  these  indefatigable 
scouts,  with  vision  as  keen  as  a  hawk's,  tread 
as  untiring  and  as  stealthy  as  the  panther's, 
and  ears  so  sensitive  that  nothing  escapes  them. 
An  artist,  possibly,  would  object  to  many  of 
them  as  undersized,  but  in  all  other  respects 
they  would  satisfy  every  requirement  of  ana 
tomical  criticism.  Their  chests  were  broad, 
deep,  and  full;  shoulders  perfectly  straight; 
limbs  well-proportioned,  strong,  and  muscular, 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  23 

without  a  suggestion  of  undue  heaviness ;  hands 
and  feet  small  and  taper  but  wiry;  heads 
well-shaped,  and  countenances  often  lit  up  with 
a  pleasant,  good-natured  expression,  which 
would  be  more  constant,  perhaps,  were  it  not 
for  the  savage,  untamed  cast  imparted  by  the 
loose,  disheveled,  gypsy  locks  of  raven  black, 
held  away  from  the  face  by  a  broad,  flat  band 
of  scarlet  cloth.  Their  eyes  were  bright,  clear, 
and  bold,  frequently  expressive  of  the  greatest 
good -humor  and  satisfaction.  Uniforms  had 
been  issued,  but  were  donned  upon  ceremonial 
occasions  only.  On  the  present  march  each 
wore  a  loosely  fitting  shirt  of  red,  white,  or 
gray  stuff,  generally  o'f  calico,  in  some  gaudy 
figure,  but  not  infreqently  the  sombre  article  of 
woollen  raiment  issued  to  white  soldiers.  This 
came  down  outside  a  pair  of  loose  cotton  draw 
ers,  reaching  to  the  moccasins.  The  moccasins 
are  the  most  important  articles  of  Apache  ap 
parel.  In  a  fight  or  on  a  long  march  they  will 
discard  all  else,  but  under  any  and  every  cir 
cumstance  will  retain  the  moccasins.  These 
had  been  freshly  made  before  leaving  Willcox. 
The  Indian  to  be  fitted  stands  erect  upon  the 


24  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

ground  while  a  companion  traces  with  a  sharp 
knife  the  outlines  of  the  sole  of  his  foot  upon 
a  piece  of  rawhide.  The  leggin  is  made  of  soft 
buckskin,  attached  to  the  foot  and  reaching  to 
mid-thigh.  For  convenience  in  marching,  it  is 
allowed  to  hang  in  folds  below  the  knee.  The 
raw-hide  sole  is  prolonged  beyond  the  great 
toe,  and  turned  upward  in  a  shield,  which  pro 
tects  from  cactus  and  sharp  stones.  A  leather 
belt  encircling  the  waist  holds  forty  rounds  of 
metallic  cartridges,  and  also  keeps  in  place  the 
regulation  blue  blouse  and  pantaloons,  which 
are  worn  upon  the  person  only  when  the  In 
dian  scout  is  anxious  to  "  paralyze  "  the  frontier 
towns  or  millitary  posts  by  a  display  of  all  his 
finery. 

The  other  trappings  of  these  savage  auxili 
aries  are  a  Springfield  breech-loading  rifle,  army 
pattern,  a  canteen  full  of  water,  a  butcher  knife, 
an  awl  in  leather  case,  a  pair  of  tweezers,  and 
a  tag.  The  awl  is  used  for  sewing  moccasins 
or  work  of  that  kind.  With  the  tweezers  the 
Apache  young  man  carefully  picks  out  each 
and  every  hair  appearing  upon  his  face.  The 
tag  marks  his  place  in  the  tribe,  and  is  in  re- 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  26 

ality  nothing  more  or  less  than  a  revival  of  a 
plan  adopted  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion 
for  the  identification  of  soldiers  belonging  to 
the  different  corps  and  divisions.  Each  male 
Indian  at  the  San  Carlos  is  tagged  and  num 
bered,  and  a  descriptive  list,  corresponding  to 
the  tag  kept,  with  a  full  recital  of  all  his  phys 
ical  peculiarities. 

This  is  the  equipment  of  each  and  every 
scout ;  but  there  are  many,  especially  the 
more  pious  and  influential,  who  carry  besides, 
strapped  at  the  waist,  little  buckskin  bags  of 
Hoddentin,  or  sacred  meal,  with  which  to 
offer  morning  and  evening  sacrifice  to  the  sun 
or  other  deity.  Others,  again,  are  provided 
with  amulets  of  lightning-riven  twigs,  pieces 
of  quartz  crystal,  petrified  wood,  concretion 
ary  sandstone,  galena,  or  chalchihuitls,  or  fe 
tiches  representing  some  of  their  countless 
planetary  gods  or  Kan,  which  are  regarded 
as  the  "  dead  medicine "  for  frustrating  the 
designs  of  the  enemy  or  warding  off  arrows 
and  bullets  in  the  heat  of  action.  And  a  few 
are  happy  in  the  possession  of  priceless  sashes 
and  shirts  of  buckskin,  upon  which  are  em- 


26  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

blazoned  the  signs  of  the  sun,  moon,  light 
ning,  rainbow,  hail,  fire,  the  water-beetle,  but 
terfly,  snake,  centipede,  and  other  powers  to 
which  they  may  appeal  for  aid  in  the  hour 
of  distress. 

The  Apache  is  an  eminently  religious  per 
son,  and  the  more  deviltry  he  plans  the  more 
pronounced  does  his  piety  become. 

The  rate  of  speed  attained  by  the  Apaches 
in  marching  is  about  an  even  four  miles  an 
hour  on  foot,  or  not  quite  fast  enough  to  make 
a  horse  trot.  They  keep  this  up  for  about 
fifteen  miles,  at  the  end  of  which  distance,  if 
water  be  encountered  and  no  enemy  be  sighted, 
they  congregate  in  bands  of  from  ten  to  fifteen 
each,  hide  in  some  convenient  ravine,  sit  down, 
smoke  cigarettes,  chat  and  joke,  and  stretch 
out  in  the  sunlight,  basking  like  the  negroes 
of  the  South.  If  they  want  to  make  a  little 
fire,  they  kindle  one  with  matches,  if  they 
happen  to  have  any  with  them  ;  if  not,  a  rapid 
twirl,  between  the  palms,  of  a  hard  round 
stick  fitting  into  a  circular  hole  in  another  stick 
of  softer  fiber,  will  bring  fire  in  from  eight  to 
forty-five  seconds.  The  scouts  by  this  time 


APACHE   AWL  CASES,  TOBACCO  R,AG£,   AND  ;>HEAO  3UE£^fc> 
WORN  BT 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  27 

have  painted  their  faces,  daubing  them  with 
red  ochre,  deer's  blood,  or  the  juice  of  roasted 
"mescal."  The  object  of  this  is  protection 
from  wind  and  sun,  as  well  as  distinctive  or 
namentation. 

The  first  morning's  rest  of  the  Apaches  was 
broken  by  the  shrill  cry  of  Choddi !  Choddi ! 
(Antelope !  Antelope  !)  and  far  away  on  the 
left  the  dull  slump  !  slump  !  of  rifles  told  that 
the  Apaches  on  that  flank  were  getting  fresh 
meat  for  the  evening  meal.  Twenty  carcasses 
demonstrated  that  they  were  not  the  worst  of 
shots ;  neither  were  they,  by  any  means,  bad 
cooks. 

When  the  command  reached  camp  these  rest 
less,  untiring  nomads  built  in  a  trice  all  kinds 
of  rude  shelters.  Those  that  had  the  army 
"  dog  tents  "  put  them  up  on  frame- works  of 
willow  or  cotton-wood  saplings;  others,  less 
fortunate,  improvised  domiciles  of  branches 
covered  with  grass,  or  of  stones  and  boards 
covered  with  gunny  sacks.  Before  these  were 
finished  smoke  curled  gracefully  toward  the 
sky  from  crackling  embers,  in  front  of  which, 
transfixed  on  wooden  spits,  were  the  heads, 


28  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

hearts,  and  livers  of  several  of  the  victims  of 
the  afternoon's  chase.  Another  addition  to 
the  spolia  opima  was  a  cotton-tailed  rabbit, 
run  down  by  these  fleet-footed  Bedouins  of  the 
South-west.  Turkeys  and  quail  are  caught 
in  the  same  manner. 

Meanwhile  a  couple  of  scouts  were  making 
bread, — the  light,  thin  "tortillas"  of  the  Mex 
icans,  baked  quickly  in  a  pan,  and  not  bad 
eating.  Two  others  were  fraternally  occupied 
in  preparing  their  bed  for  the  night.  Grass 
was  pulled  by  handfuls,  laid  upon  the  ground, 
and  covered  with  one  blanket,  another  serv 
ing  as  cover.  These  Indians,  with  scarcely  an 
exception,  sleep  with  their  feet  pointed  to 
ward  little  fires,  which,  they  claim,  are  warm, 
while  the  big  ones  built* by  the  American  sol 
diers,  are  so  hot  that  they  drive  people  away 
from  them,  and,  besides,  attract  the  attention 
of  a  lurking  enemy.  At  the  foot  of  this  bed 
an  Apache  was  playing  on  a  home-made  fiddle, 
fabricated  from  the  stalk  of  the  "mescal,"  or 
American  aloe.  This  fiddle  has  four  strings, 
and  emits  a  sound  like  the  wail  of  a  cat  with 
its  tail  caught  in  a  fence.  But  the  noble  red 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  29 

man  likes  the  music,  which  perhaps  is,  after 
all,  not  so  very  much  inferior  to  that  of 
Wagner. 

Enchanted  and  stimulated  by  the  concord  of 
sweet  sounds,  a  party  of  six  was  playing  fiercely 
at  the  Mexican  game  of  "  monte,"  the  cards  em 
ployed  being  of  native  manufacture,  of  horse- 
hide,  covered  with  barbarous  figures,  and  well 
worthy  of  a  place  in  any  museum. 

The  cooking  was  by  this  time  ended,  and  the 
savages,  with  genuine  hospitality,  invited  the 
Americans  near  them  to  join  in  the  feast.  It 
was  not  conducive  to  appetite  to  glance  at  dirty 
paws  tearing  bread  and  meat  into  fragments  ; 
yet  the  meat  thus  cooked  was  tender  and  juicy, 
the  bread  not  bad,  and  the  coffee  strong  and 
fairly  well  made.  The  Apaches  squatted  near 
est  to  the  American  guests  felt  it  incumbent 
upon  them  to  explain  everything  as  the  meal 
progressed.  They  said  this  (pointing  to  the 
coffee)  is  Tu-dishishn  (black  water),  and  that 
Zigosti  (bread). 

All  this  time  scouts  had  been  posted  com 
manding  every  possible  line  of  approach.  The 
Apache  dreads  surprise.  It  is  his  own  favorite 


30  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

mode  of  destroying  an  enemy,  and  knowing 
what  he  himself  can  do,  he  ascribes  to  his  foe- 
no  matter  how  insignificant  may  be  his  num 
bers — the  same  daring,  recklessness,  agility, 
and  subtlety  possessed  by  himself.  These  In 
dian  scouts  will  march  thirty-five  or  forty  miles 
in  a  day  on  foot,  crossing  wide  stretches  of 
waterless  plains  upon  which  a  tropical  sun 
beats  down  with  fierceness,  or  climbing  up  the 
faces  of  precipitous  mountains  which  stretch 
across  this  region  in  every  direction. 

The  two  great  points  of  superiority  of  the 
native  or  savage  soldier  over  the  representative 
of  civilized  discipline  are  his  absolute  knowl 
edge  of  the  country  and  his  perfect  ability  to 
take  care  of  himself  at  all  times  and  under  all 
circumstances.  Though  the  rays  of  the  sun 
pour  down  from  the  zenith,  or  the  scorching 
sirocco  blow  from  the  south,  the  Apache  scout 
trudges  along  as  unconcerned  as  he  was  when 
the  cold  rain  or  snow  of  winter  chilled  his 
white  comrade  to  the  marrow.  He  finds  food, 
and  pretty  good  food  too,  where  the  Caucasian 
would  starve.  Knowing  the  habits  of  wild 
animals  from  his  earliest  youth,  he  can  catch 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  31 

turkeys,  quail,  rabbits,  doves,  or  field-mice,  and, 
perhaps,  a  prairie-dog  or  two,  which  will  sup 
ply  him  with  meat.  For  some  reason  he  can 
not  be  induced  to  touch  fish,  and  bacon  or  any 
other  product  of  the  hog  is  eaten  only  under 
duress ;  but  the  flesh  of  a  horse,  mule,  or  jack 
ass,  which  has  dropped  exhausted  on  the  march 
and  been  left  to  die  on  the  trail,  is  a  delicious 
morsel  which  the  Apache  -epicure  seizes  upon 
wherever  possible.  The  stunted  oak,  growing 
on  the  mountain  flanks,  furnishes  acorns;  the 
Spanish  bayonet,  a  fruit  that,  when  roasted  in 
the  ashes  of  a  camp-fire,  looks  and  tastes  some 
thing  like  the  banana.  The  whole  region  of 
Southern  Arizona  and  Northern  Mexico  is  mat 
ted  with  varieties  of  the  cactus,  nearly  every 
one  of  which  is  called  upon  for  its  tribute  of 
fruit  or  seed.  The  broad  leaves  and  stalks  of 
the  century-plant — called  mescal — are  roasted 
between  hot  stones,  and  the  product  is  rich  in 
saccharine  matter  and  extremely  pleasant  to  the 
taste.  The  wild  potato  and  the  bulb  of  the 
'•  tule  "  are  found  in  the  damp  mountain  mead 
ows  ;  and  the  nest  of  the  ground-bee  is  raided 
remorselessly  for  its  little  store  of  honey.  Sun- 


32  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

flower-seeds,  when  ground  fine,  are  rich  and 
nutritious.  Walnuts  grow  in  the  deep  ravines, 
and  strawberries  in  favorable  locations ;  in  the 
proper  season  these,  with  the  seeds  of  wild 
grasses  and  wild  pumpkins,  the  gum  of  the 
"  mesquite,"  or  the  sweet,  soft  inner  bark  of  the 
pine,  play  their  part  in  staving  off  the  pangs  of 
hunger. 

The  above  are  merely  a  few  of  the  resources 
of  the  Apache  scout  when  separated  from  the 
main  command.  When  his  moccasins  give  out 
on  a  long  march  over  the  sharp  rocks  of  the 
mountains  or  the  cutting  sands  of  the  plains,  a 
few  hours'  rest  sees  him  equipped  with  a  new 
pair, — his  own  handiwork, — and  so  with  other 
portions  of  his  raiment.  He  is  never  without 
awl,  needle,  thread,  or  sinew.  Brought  up  from 
infancy  to  the  knowledge  and  use  of  arms  of 
some  kind, — at  first  the  bow  and  arrow,  and 
later  on  the  rifle, — he  is  perfectly  at  home  with 
his  weapons,  and  knowing  from  past  experience 
how  important  they  are  for  his  preservation, 
takes  much  better  care  of  them  than  does  the 
white  soldier  out  of  garrison. 

He  does  not  read  the  newspapers,  but  the 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  33 

great  book  of  nature  is  open  to  his  perusal,  and 
has  been  drained  of  much  knowledge  which  his 
pale-faced  brother  would  be  glad  to  acquire. 
Every  track  in  the  trail,  mark  in  the  grass, 
scratch  on  the  bark  of  a  tree,  explains  itself  to 
the  "  untutored "  Apache.  He  can  tell  to  an 
hour,  almost,  when  the  man  or  animal  making 
them  passed  by,- and,  like  a  hound,  will  keep 
on  the  scent  until  he  catches  up  with  the  object 
of  his  pursuit. 

In  the  presence  of  strangers  the  Apache  sol 
dier  is  sedate  and  taciturn.  Seated  around  his 
little  apology  for  a  camp-fire,  in  the  communion 
of  his  fellows,  he  becomes  vivacious  and  con 
versational.  He  is  obedient  to  authority,  but 
will  not  brook  the  restraints  which,  under  our 
notions  of  discipline,  change  men  into  machines. 
He  makes  an  excellent  sentinel,  and  not  a  single 
instance  can  be  adduced  of  property  having  been 
stolen  from  or  by  an  Apache  on  guard. 

He  has  the  peculiarity,  noticed  among  so 
many  savage  tribes  in  various. parts  of  the  world, 
of  not  caring  to  give  his  true  name  to  a  stranger; 
if  asked  for  it,  he  will  either  give  a  wrong  one 
or  remain  mute  and  let  a  comrade  answer  for 

3 


34  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

hirn.  This  rule  does  not  apply  where  he  has 
been  dubbed  with  a  sobriquet  by  the  white  sol 
diers.  In  such  case  he  will  respond  promptly, 
and  tell  the  inquirer  that  he  is  "  Stumpy,"  "  Tom 
Thumb,"  "Bill,"  "Humpy  Sam,"  or  "One-Eyed 
"Reilly,"  as  the  case  may  be.  But  there  is  no 
such  exception  in  regard  to  the  dead.  Their 
names  are  never  mentioned,  even  by  the  wailing 
friends  who  loudly  chant  their  virtues. 

Approaching  the  enemy  his  vigilance  is  a 
curious  thing  to  witness.  He  avoids  appearing 
suddenly  upon  the  crest  of  a  hill,  knowing  that 
his  figure  projected  against  the  sky  can  at  such 
time  be  discerned  from  a  great  distance.  He  will 
carefully  bind  around  his  brow  a  sheaf  of  grass, 
or  some  other  foliage,  and  thus  disguised  crawl 
like  a  snake  to  the  summit  and  carefully  peer 
about,  taking  in  with  his  keen  black  eyes  the 
details  of  the  country  to  the  front  with  a  ra 
pidity,  and  thoroughness  the  American  or  Euro 
pean  can  never  acquire.  In  battle  he  is  again 
the  antithesis  of  the  Caucasian.  The  Apache 
has  no  false  ideas  about  courage ;  he  would  pre 
fer  to  skulk  like  the  cayote  for  hours,  and  then 
kill  his  enemy,  or  capture  his  herd,  rather  than, 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  35 

by  injudicious  exposure,  receive  a  wound,  fatal 
or  otherwise.  But  he  is  no  coward ;  on  the 
contrary,  he  is  entitled  to  rank  among  the 
bravest.  The  precautions  taken  for  his  safety 
prove  that  he  is  an  exceptionally  skillful  soldier. 
His  first  duty  under  fire  is  to  jump  for  a  rock, 
bush,  or  hole,  from  which  no  enemy  can  drive 
him  except  with  loss  of  life  or  blood. 

The  policy  of  Great  Britain  has  always  been 
to  enlist  a  force  of  auxiliaries  from  among  the 
natives  of  the  countries  falling  under  her  sway. 
The  Government  of  the  United  States,  on  the 
contrary,  has  persistently  ignored  the  really  ex 
cellent  material,  ready  at  hand,  which  could, 
with  scarcely  an  effort  and  at  no  expense,  be 
mobilized,  and  made  to  serve  as  a  frontier  police. 
General  Crook  is  the  only  officer  of  our  army 
who  has  fully  recognized  the  incalculable  value 
of  a  native  contingent,  and  in  all  his  campaigns 
of  the  past  thirty -five  years  has  drawn  about 
him  as  soon  as  possible  a  force  of  Indians,  which 
has  been  serviceable  as  guides  and  trailers,  and 
also  of  consequence  in  reducing  the  strength  of 
the  opposition. 

The  white  army  of  the  United  States  is  a 


3G  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

mucli  better  body  of  officers  and  men  than  a 
critical  and  censorious  public  gives  it  credit  for 
being.  It  represents  intelligence  of  a  high 
order,  and  a  spirit  of  devotion  to  duty  worthy 
of  unbounded  praise ;  but  it  does  not  represent 
the  acuteness  of  the  savage  races.  It  cannot 
follow  the  trail  like  a  dog  on  the  scent.  It  may 
be  brave  and  well-disciplined,  but  its  members 
cannot  tramp  or  ride,  as  the  case  may  be,  from 
forty  to  seventy-five  miles  in  a  day,  without 
water,  under  a  burning  sun.  No  civilized  army 
can  do  that.  It  is  one  of  the  defects  of  civilized 
training  that  man  develops  new  wants,  awakens 
new  necessities, — becomes,  in  a  word,  more  and 
more  a  creature  of  luxury. 

Take  the  Apache  Indian  under  the  glaring 
sun  of  Mexico.  He  quietly  peels  off  all  his 
clothing  and  enjoys  the  fervor  of  the  day  more 
than  otherwise.  He  may  not  be  a  great  mili 
tary  genius,  but  he  is  inured  to  all  sorts  of 
fatigue,  and  will  be  hilarious  and  jovial  when 
the  civilized  man  is  about  to  die  of  thirst. 

Prominent  among  these  scouts  was  of  course 
first  of  all  "  Peaches,"  the  captive  guide.  He 
was  one  of  the  handsomest  men,  physically,  to 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  37 

be  found  in  the  world.  He  never  knew  what 
it  was  to  be  tired,  cross,  or  out  of  humor.  His 
knowledge  of  the  topography  of  Northern  Son- 
ora  was  remarkable,  and  his  absolute  veracity 
and  fidelity  in  all  his  dealings  a  notable  feature 
in  his  character.  With  him  might  be  mentioned 
"Alchise,"  "Mickey  Free,'7  "Severiano,"  "Nockie- 
cholli,"  (t  Nott,"  and  dozens  of  others,  all  tried 
and  true  men,  experienced  in  warfare  and  de 
voted  to  the  general  whose  standard  they  fol 
lowed. 


II. 


From  Willcox  to  San  Bernardino  Springs, 
by  the  road  the  wagons  followed,  is  an  even 
100  miles.  The  march  thither,  through  a  most 
excellent  grazing  country,  was  made  in  five 
days,  by  which  time  the  command  was  joined 
by  Captain  Emmet  Crawford,  Third  Cavalry, 
with  more  than  100  additional  Apache  scouts 
and  several  trains  of  pack-mules. 

San  Bernardino  Springs  break  out  from  the 
ground  upon  the  Boundary  Line  and  flow 
south  into  the  Yaqui  River,  of  which  the  San 
Bernardino  River  is  the  extreme  head.  These 
springs  yielded  an  abundance  of  water  for  all 
our  needs,  and  at  one  time  had  refreshed  thou 
sands  of  head  of  cattle,  which  have  since  disap 
peared  under  the  attrition  of  constant  warfare 
with  the  Apaches. 

The  few  days  spent  at  San  Bernardino  were 
days  of  constant  toil  and  labor ;  from  the  first 
streak  of  dawn  until  far  into  the  night  the 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  39 

task  of  organizing  and  arranging  went  on. 
Telegrams  were  dispatched  to  the  Mexican 
generals  notifying  them  that  the  American 
troops  would  leave  promptly  by  the  date 
agreed  upon,  and  at  last  the  Indian  scouts 
began  their  war-dances,  and  continued  them 
without  respite  from  each  sunset  until  the  next 
sunrise.  In  a  conference  with  General  Crook 
they  informed  him  of  their  anxiety  to  put  an 
end  to  the  war  and  bring  peace  to  Arizona,  so 
that  the  white  men  and  Apaches  could  live 
and  work  side  by  side. 

By  the  29th  of  April  all  preparations  were 
complete.  Baggage  had  been  cut  down  to  a 
minimum.  Every  officer  and  man  was  allowed 
to  carry  the  clothes  on  his  back,  one  blanket 
and  forty  rounds  of  ammunition.  Officers  were 
ordered  to  mess  with  the  packers  and  on  the 
same  food  issued  to  soldiers  and  Indian  scouts. 
One  hundred  and  sixty  rounds  of  extra  ammu 
nition  and  rations  of  hard-bread,  coffee  and 
bacon,  for  sixty  days,  were  carried  on  pack- 
mules. 

At  this  moment  General  Sherman  tele 
graphed  to  General  Crook  that  he  must  not 


40  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

cross  the  Mexican  boundary  in  pursuit  of  In 
dians,  except  in  strict  accord  with  the  terms  of 
the  treaty,  without  defining  exactly  what  those 
terms  meant.  Crook  replied,  acknowledging 
receipt  of  these  instructions  and  saying  that  he 
would  respect  treaty  stipulations. 

On  Tuesday,  May  1st,  1883,  the  expedition 
crossed  the  boundary  into  Mexico.  Its  exact 
composition  was  as  follows :  General  George 
Crook,  in  command.  Captain  John  G.  Bourke, 
Third  Cavalry,  acting  adjutant-general ;  Lieu 
tenant  G.  S.  Febiger,  engineer  officer,  aid-de 
camp  ;  Captain  Chaffee,  Sixth  Cavalry,  with 
Lieutenants  West  and  Forsyth,  and  forty -two 
enlisted  men  of  "  I  "  company  of  that  regiment ; 
Doctor  Andrews,  Private  A.  F.  Harmer  of  the 
General  Service,  and  193  Indian  scouts,  under 
Captain  Emmet  Crawford,  Third  Cavalry, 
Lieutenant  Mackey,  Third  Cavalry,  and  Gate- 
wood,  Sixth  Cavalry,  with  whom  were  Al. 
Zeiber,  Mclntosh,  "Mickey  Free,"  Severiano, 
and  Sam  Bowman,  as  interpreters. 

The  pack-mules,  for  purposes  of  efficient 
management,  were  divided  into  five  trains,  each 
with  its  complement  of  skilled  packers.  These 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  41 

trains  were  under  charge  of  Monach,  Hopkins, 
Stanfield,  "  Long  Jim  Cook,"  and  "  Short  Jim 
Cook." 

Each  packer  was  armed  with  carbine  and 
revolver,  for  self -protection,  but  nothing  could 
be  expected  of  them,  in  the  event  of  an  attack, 
beyond  looking  out  for  the  animals.  Conse 
quently  the  effective  fighting  strength  of  the 
command  was  a  little  over  fifty  white  men- 
officers  and  soldiers — and  not  quite  200  Apache 
scouts,  representing  the  various  bands,  Chiri- 
cahua,  White  Mountain,  Yuma,  Mojave,  and 
Tonto. 

The  first  rays  of  the  sun  were  beaming  upon 
the  Eastern  hills  as  we  swung  into  our  saddles, 
and,  amid  a  chorus  of  good-byes  and  God-bless- 
yous  from  tbose  left  behind,  pushed  down  the 
hot  and  sandy  valley  of  the  San  Bernardino, 
past  the  mouth  of  Guadalupe  canon,  to  near 
the  confluence  of  Elias  Creek,  some  twenty 
miles.  Here  camp  was  made  on  the  banks  of 
a  pellucid  stream,  under  the  shadow  of  graceful 
walnut  and  ash  trees.  The  Apache  scouts  had 
scoured  the  country  to  the  front  and  on  both 
flanks,  and  returned  loaded  with  deer  and  wild 


42  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

turkeys,  the  latter  being  run  down  and  caught 
in  the  bushes.  One  escaped  from  its  captors 
and  started  through  camp  on  a  full  jump,  pur 
sued  by  the  Apaches,  who,  upon  re-catching  it, 
promptly  twisted  its  head  off. 

The  Apaches  were  in  excellent  spirits,  the 
"  medicine  men "  having  repeated  with  em 
phasis  the  prediction  that  the  expedition  was 
to  be  a  grand  success.  One  of  the  most  influ 
ential  of  them — a  mere  boy,  who  carried  the 
most  sacred  medicine — was  especially  positive 
in  his  views,  and,  unlike  most  prophets,  backed 
them  up  with  a  bet  of  $40. 

On  May  2,  1883,  breakfasted  at  4  A.M. 
The  train — Monach's — with  which  we  took 
meals  was  composed  equally  of  Americans  and 
Mexicans.  So,  when  the  cook  spread  his  can 
vas  on  the  ground,'  one  heard  such  expressions 
as  Tantito*  zucarito  quiero ;  Sirve  pasar  el 
jdrabe;  Pase  rebanada  de  pan;  Otra  gotita 
mas  de  cafe,  quite  as  frequently  as  their  En 
glish  equivalents,  "  I'd  like  a  little  more  sugar," 
"Please  pass  the  sirup,"  "Hand  me  a  slice  of 
bread,"  "A  little  drop  of  coffee."  Close  by, 
the  scouts  consumed  their  meals,  and  with 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  43 

more  silence,  yet  not  so  silently  but  that  their 
calls  fox  inchi  (salt),  ikon  (flour),  peza-a  (fry 
ing-pan),  and  other  articles,  could  be  plainly 
heard. 

Martin,  the  cook,  deserves  some  notice.  He 
was  not,  as  he  himself  admitted,  a  French  cook 
by  profession.  His  early  life  had  been  passed 
in  the  more  romantic  occupation  of  driving  an 
ore- wagon  between  Willcox  and  Globe,  and, 
to  quote  his  own  proud  boast,  he  could  "  hold 
down  a  sixteen-mule  team  with  any  outfit  this 
side  the  Rio  Grande." 

But  what  he  lacked  in  culinary  knowledge 
he  more  than  made  up  in  strength  and  agility. 
He  was  not  less  than  six  feet  two  in  his  socks, 
and  built  like  a  young  Hercules.  He  was  gen- 
tle-natured,  too,  and  averse  to  fighting.  Such, 
at  least,  was  the  opinion  I  gathered  from  a 
remark  he  made  the  first  evening  I  was  thrown 
into  his  society. 

His  eyes  somehow  were  fixed  on  mine,  while 
he  said  quietly,  "If  there's  anybody  here  don't 
like  the  grub,  I'll  kick  a  lung  out  of  him  ! "  I 
was  just  about  suggesting  that  a  couple  of 
pounds  less  saleratus  in  the  bread  and  a  couple 


44  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

of  gallons  less  water  in  the  coffee  would  be 
grateful  to  my  Sybarite  palate  ;  but,  after  this 
conversation,  I  reflected  that  the  fewer  remarks 
I  made  the  better  would  be  the  chances  of  my 
enjoying  the  rest  of  the  trip ;  so  I  said  noth 
ing.  Martin,  I  believe,  is  now  in  Chihuahua, 
and  I  assert  from  the  depths  of  an  outraged 
stomach,  that  a  better  man  or  a  worse  cook 
never  thumped  a  mule  or  turned  a  flapjack. 

The  march  was  continued  down  the  San  Ber 
nardino  until  we  reached  its  important  affluent, 
the  Bavispe,  up  which  we  made  our  way  until 
the  first  signs  of  habitancy  were  encountered 
in  the  squalid  villages  of  Bavispe,  Basaraca, 
and  Huachinera. 

The  whole  country  was  a  desert.  On  each 
hand  were  the  ruins  of  depopulated  and  aban 
doned  hamlets,  destroyed  by  the  Apaches.  The 
bottom-lands  of  the  San  Bernardino,  once  smil 
ing  with  crops  of  wheat  and  barley,  were  now 
covered  with  a  thickly- matted  jungle  of  semi- 
tropical  vegetation.  The  river  banks  were 
choked  by  dense  brakes  of  cane  of  great  size 
and  thickness.  The  narrow  valley  was  hemmed 
in  by  rugged  and  forbidding  mountains,  gashed 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  45 

and  slashed  with  a  thousand  ravines,  to  cross 
which  exhausted  both  strength  and  patience. 
The  foot-hills  were  covered  with  chevaux  de 
frise  of  Spanish  bayonet,  mescal,  and  cactus. 
The  lignum- vitse  flaunted  its  plumage  of  crim 
son  flowers,  much  like  the  fuchsia,  but  growing 
in  clusters.  The  grease- wood,  ordinarily  so 
homely,  here  assumed  a  garniture*  of  creamy 
blossoms,  rivaling  the  gaudy  dahlia-like  cups 
upon  the  nopal,  and  putting  to  shame  the  mod 
est  tendrils  pendent  from  the  branches  of  the 
mesquite. 

The  sun  glared  down  pitilessly,  wearing  out 
the  poor  mules,  which  had  as  much  as  they 
could  do  to  scramble  over  the  steep  hills,  com 
posed  of  a  nondescript  accumulation  of  lava, 
sandstone,  porphyry,  and  limestone,  half- 
rounded  by  the  action  of  water,  and  so  loosely 
held  together  as  to  slip  apart  and  roll  away 
the  instant  the  feet  of  animals  or  men  touched 
them. 

When  they  were  not  slipping  over  loose 
stones  or  climbing  rugged  hills,  they  were  break 
ing  their  way  through  jungles  of  thorny  vege 
tation,  which  tore  their  quivering  flesh.  One 


46  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

of  the  mules,  falling  from  the  rocks,  impaled 
itself  upon  a  mesquite  branch,  and  had  to  be 
killed. 

Through  all  this  the  Apache  scouts  trudged 
without  a  complaint,  and  with  many  a  laugh 
and  jest.  Each  time  camp  was  reached  they 
showed  themselves  masters  of  the  situation. 
They  would  gather  the  saponaceous  roots  of 
the  yucca  and  Spanish  bayonet,  to  make  use  of 
them  in  cleaning  their  long,  black  hair,  or  cut 
sections  of  the  bamboo-like  cane  and  make  pipes 
for  smoking,  or  four-holed  flutes,  which  emitted 
a  weird,  Chinese  sort  of  music,  responded  to 
with  melodious  chatter  by  countless  birds 
perched  in  the  shady  seclusion  of  ash  and  cot 
ton-wood. 

Those  scouts  who  were  not  on  watch  gave 
themselves  up  to  the  luxury  of  the  ta-a-chi,  or 
sweat-bath.  To  construct  these  baths,  a  dozen 
willow  or  cotton-wood  branches  are  stuck  in 
the  ground  and  the  upper  extremities,  united 
to  form  a  dome-shaped  framework,  upon  which 
are  laid  blankets  to  prevent  the  escape  of  heat. 
Three  or  four  large  rocks  are  heated  and  placed 
in  the  centre,  the  Indians  arranging  themselves 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  47 

around  these  rocks  and  binding  over  them. 
Silicious  bowlders  are  invariably  selected,  and 
not  calcareous — the  Apaches  being  sufficiently 
familiar  with  rudimentary  mineralogy  to  know 
that  the  latter  will  frequently  crack  and  ex 
plode  under  intense  heat. 

When  it  came  to  my  time  to  enter  the  sweat- 
lodge  I  could  see  nothing  but  a  network  of 
arms  and  legs,  packed  like  sardines.  An  ex 
tended  experience  with  Broadway  omnibuses 
assured  me  that  there  must  always  be  room  for 
one  more.  The  smile  of  the  "  medicine-man  " 
—the  master  of  ceremonies — encouraged  me  to 
push  in  first  an  arm,  then  a  leg,  and,  finally, 
my  whole  body. 

Thump !  sounded  the  damp  blanket  as  it 
fell  against  the  frame-work  and  shut  out  all 
light  and  air.  The  conductor  of  affairs  inside 
threw  a  handful  of  water  on  the  hot  rocks,  and 
steam,  on  the  instant,  filled  every  crevice  of 
the  den.  The  heat  was  that  of  a  bake-oven ; 
breathing  was  well-nigh  impossible. 

"  Sing,"  said  in  English  the  Apache  boy, 
"  Keet,'1  whose  legs  and  arms  were  sinuously  in 
tertwined  with  mine ;  "  sing  heap ;  sleep  moocho 


48  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN 

to-night ;  eat  plenny  dinna  to-mollo."  The 
other  bathers  said  that  everybody  must  sing. 
I  had  to  yield.  My  repertoire  consists  of  but 
one  song — the  lovely  ditty — "  Our  captain's 
name  is  Murphy. "  T  gave  them  this  with  all 
the  lung-power  I  had  left,  and  was  heartily 'en 
cored  ;  but  I  was  too  much  exhausted  to  re 
spond,  and  rushed  out,  dripping  with  perspira 
tion,  to  plunge  with  my  dusky  comrades  into 
the  refreshing  waters  of  the  Bdvispe,  which 
had  worn  out  for  themselves  tanks  three  to 
twenty  feet  deep.  The  effects  of  the  bath  were 
all  that  the  Apaches  had  predicted — a  sound, 
refreshing  sleep  and  increased  appetite. 

The  farther  we  got  into  Mexico  the  greater 
the  desolation.  The  valley  of  the  Bdvispe, 
like  that  of  the  San  Bernardino,  had  once  been 
thickly  populated;  now  all  was  wild  and  gloomy. 
Foot-prints  indeed  were  plenty,  but  they  were 
the  fresh  moccasin-tracks  of  Chiricahuas,  who 
apparently  roamed  with  immunity  over  all  this 
solitude.  There  were  signs,  too,  of  Mexican 
"  travel ; "  but  in  every  case  these  were  "  con- 
ductas"  of  pack-mules,  guarded  by  companies 
of  soldiers.  Kattlesnakes  were  encountered 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  49 

with  greater  frequency  both  in  camp  and  on 
the  march.  When  found  in  camp  the  Apaches, 
from  superstitious  reasons,  refrained  from  kill 
ing  them,  but  let  the  white  men  do  it. 

The  vegetation  remained  much  the  same  as 
that  of  Southern  Arizona,  only  denser  and 
larger.  The  cactus  began  to  bear  odorous 
flowers — a  species  of  night-blooming  cereus— 
and  parrots  of  gaudy  plumage  flitted  about 
camp,  to  the  great  joy  of  the  scouts,  who,  catch 
ing  two  or  three,  tore  the  feathers  from  their 
bodies  and  tied  them  in  their  inky  locks. 
Queenly  humming-birds  of  sapphire  hue  darted 
from  bush  to  bush  and  tree  to  tree.  Every  one 
felt  that  we  were  advancing  into  more  torrid 
regions.  However,  by  this  time  faces  and 
hands  were  finely  tanned  and  blistered,  and  the 
fervor  of  the  sun  was  disregarded.  The  nights 
remained  cool  and  refreshing  throughout  the 
trip,  and,  after  the  daily  march  or  climb,  soothed 
to  the  calmest  rest. 

On  the  5th  of  May  the  column  reached  the 
feeble,  broken-down  towns  of  Bdvispe  and  Ba- 
saraca.  The  condition  of  the  inhabitants  was 
deplorable.  Superstition,  illiteracy,  and  bad 


50  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

government  had  done  their  worst,  and,  even 
had  not  the  Chiricahuas  kept  them  in  mortal 
terror,  it  is  doubtful  whether  they  would  have 
had  energy  enough  to  profit  by  the  natural  ad 
vantages,  mineral  and  agricultural,  of  their  im 
mediate  vicinity.  The  land  appeared  to  be 
fertile  and  was  well  watered.  Horses,  cattle, 
and  chickens  throve ;  the  cereals  yielded  an 
abundant  return ;  and  scarlet  blossoms  blushed 
in  the  waxy -green  foliage  of  the  pomegranate. 

Every  man,  woman,  and  child  had  gathered 
in  the  streets  or  squatted  on  the  flat  roofs  of 
the  adobe  houses  to  welcome  our  approach  with 
cordial  acclamations.  They  looked  like  a  grand 
national  convention  of  scarecrows  and  rag 
pickers,  their  garments  old  and  dingy,  but  no 
man  so  poor  that  he  didn't  own  a  gorgeous  som 
brero,  with  a  snake-band  of  silver,  or  display 
a  flaming  sash  of  cheap  red  silk  and  wool. 
Those  who  had  them  displayed  rainbow-hued 
serapes  flung  over  the  shoulders;  those  who 
had  none  went  in  their  shirt- sleeves. 

The  children  were  bright,  dirty,  and  pretty ; 
the  women  so  closely  enveloped  in  their  re- 
bozos  that  only  one  eye  could  be  seen.  They 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  51 

greeted  our  people  with  warmth,  and  offered  to 
go  with  us  to  the  mountains.  With  the  volu 
bility  of  parrots  they  began  to  describe  a  most 
blood-thirsty  fight  recently  had  with  the  Chiri- 
cahuas,  in  which,  of  course,  the  Apaches  had 
been  completely  and  ignominiously  routed,  each 
Mexican  having  performed  prodigies  of  valor 
on  a  par  with  those  of  Ajax.  But  at  the  same 
time  they  wouldn't  go  alone  into  their  fields,— 
only  a  quarter  of  a  mile  off, — which  were  con 
stantly  patroled  by  a  detachment  of  twenty- 
five  or  thirty  men  of  what  was  grandiloquently 
styled  the  National  Guard.  "  Peaches,"  the 
guide,  smiled  quietly,  but  said  nothing,  when 
told  of  this  latest  annihilation  of  the  Chirica- 
huas.  General  Crook,  without  a  moment's  hesi 
tancy,  determined  to  keep  on  the  trail  farther 
into  the  Sierra  Madre. 

The  food  of  these  wretched  Mexicans  was. 
mainly  atole, — a  weak  flour-gruel  resembling 
the  paste  used  by  our  paper-hangers.  Books 
they  had  none,  and  newspapers  had  not  yet 
been  heard  of.  Their  only  recreation  was  in 
religious  festivals,  occurring  with  commendable 
frequency.  The  churches  themselves  were  in 


52  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

the  last  stages  of  dilapidation  ;  the  adobe  ex 
teriors  showed  dangerous  indications  of  ap 
proaching  dissolution,  while  the  tawdry  orna 
ments  of  the  inside  were  foul  and  black  with 
age,  smoke,  dust,  and  rain. 

I  asked  a  small,  open-mouthed  boy  to  hold 
my  horse  for  a  moment  until  I  had  examined 
one  of  these  edifices,  which  bore  the  elaborate 
title  of  the  Temple  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre  and 
our  Lady  of  the  Trance.  This  action  evoked  a 
eulogy  from  one  of  the  bystanders  :  "  This  man 
can't  be  an  American,  he  must  be  a  Christian," 
he  sagely  remarked ;  "  he  speaks  Castilian,  and 
goes  to  church  the  first  thing." 

It  goes  without  saying  that  they  have  no 
mails  in  that  country.  What  they  call  the 
post-office  of  Basaraca  is  in  the  store  of  the 
town.  The  store  had  no  goods  for  sale,  and 
the  post-office  had  no  stamps.  The  postmaster 
didn't  know  when  the  mail  would  go ;  it  used 
to  go  every  eight  days,  but  now — quien  sabe  ? 
Yes,  he  would  send  our  letters  the  first  oppor 
tunity.  The  price  ?  Oh  !  the  price  ? — did  the 
cdballeros  want  to  know  how  much  ?  Well,  for 
Mexican  people,  he  charged  five  cents,  but 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  53 

the  Americans  would  have  to  pay  dos  reales 
(twenty-five  cents)  for  each  letter. 

The  only  supplies  for  sale  in  Basaraca  were 
fiery  mescal,  chile,  and  a  few  eggs,  eagerly 
snapped  up  by  the  advance-guard.  In  making 
these  purchases  we  had  to  enter  different 
houses,  which  vied  with  each  other  in  penury 
and  destitution.  There  were  no  chairs,  no  ta 
bles,  none  of  the  comforts  which  the  humblest 
laborers  in  our  favored  land  demand  as  right 
and  essential.  The  inmates  in  every  instance 
received  us  urbanely  and  kindly.  The  women, 
who  were  uncovered  inside  their  domiciles,  were 
greatly  superior  in  good  looks  and  good  breed 
ing  to  their  husbands  and  brothers  ;  but  the 
latter  never  neglected  to  employ  all  the  punc 
tilious  expressions  of  Spanish  politeness. 

That  evening  the  round-stomached  old  man, 
whom,  in  ignorance  of  the  correct  title,  we  all 
agreed  to  call  the  Alcalde,  paid  a  compliment 
ary  visit  to  General  Crook,  and  with  polite 
flourishes  bade  him  welcome  to  the  soil  of  Mex 
ico  informed  him  that  he  had  received  orders 
to  render  the  expedition  every  assistance  in  his 
power,  and  offered  to  accompany  it  at  the  head 


54  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

of  every  man  and  boy  in  the  vicinity.  General 
Crook  felt  compelled  to  decline  the  assistance 
of  these  valiant  auxiliaries,  but  asked  permis 
sion  to  buy  four  beeves  to  feed  to  the  Apache 
scouts,  who  did  not  relish  bacon  or  other  salt 
meat. 

Bivouac  was  made  that  night  on  the  banks 
of  the  Bavispe,  under  the  bluff  upon  which 
perched  the  town  of  Basaraca.  Numbers  of 
visitors — men  and  boys — flocked  in  to  see  us, 
bringing  bread  and  tobacco  for  barter  and  sale. 
In  their  turn  a  large  body  of  our  people  went 
up  to  the  town  and  indulged  in  the  unexpected 
luxury  of  a  ball.  This  was  so  entirely  original 
in  all  its  features  that  a  mention  of  it  is  ad 
missible. 

Bells  were. ringing  a  loud  peal,  announcing 
that  the  morrow  would  be  Sunday,  when  a  pro 
longed  thumping  of  drums  signaled  that  the 
Baile  was  about  to  begin. 

Wending  our  way  to  the  corner  whence  the 
noise  proceeded,  we  found  that  a  half-dozen  of 
the  packers  had  bought  out  the  whole  stock  of 
the  tienda,  which  dealt  only  in  mescal,  paying 
therefor  the  princely  sum  of  $12.50. 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  55 

Invitations  had  been  extended  to  all  the 
adult  inhabitants  to  take  part  in  the  festivities. 
For  some  reason  all  the  ladies  sent  regrets  by 
the  messenger ;  but  of  men  there  was  no  lack, 
the  packers  having  taken  the  precaution  to 
send  out  a  patrol  to  scour  the  streets,  "  collar  " 
and  "  run  in  "  every  male  biped  found  outside 
his  own  threshold.  These  captives  were  first 
made  to  drink  a  tumbler  of  mescal  to  the 
health  of  the  two  great  nations,  Mexico  and  the 
United  States, — and  then  were  formed  into 
quadrille  sets,  moving  in  unison  with  the  orches 
tra  of  five  pieces, — two  drums,  two  squeaky 
fiddles,  and  an  accordion. 

None  of  the  performers  understood  a  note  of 
music.  When  a  new  piece  was  demanded,  the 
tune  had  to  be  whistled  in  the  ears  of  the  bass- 
drummer,  who  thumped  it  off  on  his  instru 
ment,  followed  energetically  by  his  enthusiastic 
assistants. 

This  orchestra  was  augmented  in  a  few  mo 
ments  by  the  addition  of  a  young  boy  with  a 
sax-horn.  He  couldn't  play,  and  the  horn  had 
lost  its  several  keys,  but  he  added  to  the  noise 
and  was  welcomed  with  screams  of  applause. 


56  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

It  was  essentially  a  stag  party,  but  a  very  funny 
one.  The  new  player  was  doing  some  good 
work  when  a  couple  of  dancers  whirled  into 
him,  knocking  him  clear  off  his  pins  and  astride 
of  the  bass-drum  and  drummer. 

Confusion  reigned  only  a  moment;  good 
order  was  soon  restored,  and  the  dance  would 
have  been  resumed  with  increased  jollity  had 
not  the  head  of  the  bass-drum  been  helplessly 
battered. 

Midnight  had  long  since  been  passed,  and 
there  was  nothing  to  be  done  but  break  up  the 
party  and  return  to  camp. 

From  Basaraca  to  Tesorababi — over  twenty 
miles — the  line  of  march  followed  a  country 
almost  exactly  like  that  before  described.  The 
little  hamlets  of  Estancia  and  Huachinera  were 
perhaps  a  trifle  more  squalid  than  Bavispe  or 
Basaraca,  and  their  churches  more  dilapidated; 
but  in  that  of  Huachinera  were  two  or  three 
unusually  good  oil-paintings,  brought  from 
Spain  a  long  time  ago.  Age,  dust,  weather, 
and  candle-grease  had  almost  ruined,  but  had 
not  fully  obliterated,  the  touch  of  the  master- 
hand  which  had  made  them. 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  57 

Tesorababi  must  have  been,  a  couple  of  gen 
erations  since,  a  very  noble  ranch.  It  has 
plenty  of  water,  great  groves  of  oak  and  mes- 
quite,  with  sycamore  and  cotton  wood  growing 
near  the  water,  and  very  nutritious  grass  upon 
the  neighboring  hills.  The  buildings  have  fallen 
into  ruin,  nothing  being  now  visible  but  the 
stout  walls  of  stone  and  adobe.  Mesquite  trees 
of  noble  size  choke  up  the  corral,  and  every 
thing  proclaims  with  mute  eloquence  the  su 
premacy  of  the  Apache. 

Alongside  of  this  ranch  are  the  ruins  of  an 
ancient  pueblo,  with  quantities  of  broken  pot 
tery,  stone  mortars,  Obsidian  flakes  and  kindred 
reliquiae. 

To  Tesorababi  the  column  was  accompanied 
by  a  small  party  of  guides  sent  out  by  the  Al 
calde  of  Basaraca.  General  Crook  ordered  them 
back,  as  they  were  not  of  the  slightest  use  so 
long  as  we  had  such  a  force  of  Apache  scouts. 

We  kept  in  camp  at  Tesorababi  until  the 
night  of  May  7,  and  then  marched  straight  for 
the  Sierra  Madre.  The  foot-hills  were  thickly 
covered  with  rich  grama  and  darkened  by 
groves  of  scrub-oak.  Soon  the  oak  gave  way 


58  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

to  cedar  in  great  abundance,  and  the  hills  and 
ridges  became  steeper  as  we  struck  the  trail 
lately  made  by  the  Chiricahuas  driving  off  cat 
tle  from  Sahuaripa  and  Oposura.  We  were 
fairly  within  the  range,  and  had  made  good 
progress,  when  the  scouts  halted  and  began  to 
explain  to  General  Crook  that  nothing  but  bad 
luck  could  be  expected  if  he  didn't  set  free  an 
owl  which  one  of  our  party  had  caught,  and 
tied  to  the  pommel  of  his  saddle. 

They  said  the  owl  (Bu)  was  a  bird  of  ill- 
omen,  and  that  we  could  not  hope  to  whip  the 
Chiricahuas  so  long  as  we  retained  it.  These 
solicitations  bore  good  fruit.  The  moon-eyed 
bird  of  night  was  set  free  and  the  advance  re 
sumed.  Shortly  before  midnight  camp  was 
made  in  a  very  deep  canon,  thickly  wooded,  and 
having  a  small  stream  a  thousand  feet  below 
our  position.  No  fires  were  allowed,  and  some 
confusion  prevailed  among  the  pack-mules, 
which  could  not  find  their  places. 

Very  early  the  next  morning  (May  8,  1883) 
the  command  moved  in  easterly  direction  up 
the  canon.  This  was  extremely  rocky  and  steep. 
Water  stood  in  pools  everywhere,  and  animals 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  59 

and  men  slaked  their  fierce  thirst.  Indications 
of  Chiricahua  depredations  multiplied.  The  trail 
was  fresh  and  well-beaten,  as  if  by  scores — yes, 
hundreds — of  stolen  ponies  and  cattle. 

The  carcasses  of  five  freshly  slaughtered 
beeves  lay  in  one  spot ;  close  to  them  a  couple 
more,  and  so  on. 

The  path  wound  up  the  face  of  the  mountain, 
and  became  so  precipitous  that  were  a  horse  to 
slip  his  footing  he  would  roll  and  fall  hundreds 
of  feet  to  the  bottom.  At  one  of  the  abrupt 
turns  could  be  seen,  deep  down  in  the  canon, 
the  mangled  fragments  of  a  steer  which  had 
fallen  from  the  trail,  and  been  dashed  to  pieces 
on  the  rocks  below.  It  will  save  much  repeti 
tion  to  say,  at  this  point,  that  from  now  on  we 
were  never  out  of  sight  of  ponies  and  cattle, 
butchered,  in  every  stage  of  mutilation,  or  alive, 
and  roaming  by  twos  and  threes  in  the  ravines 
and  on  the  mountain  flanks. 

Climb  !  Climb  !  Climb  !  Gaining  the  sum 
mit  of  one  ridge  only  to  learn  that  above  it  tow 
ered  another,  the  face  of  nature  fearfully  cor 
rugated  into  a  perplexing  alternation  of  ridges 
and  chasms.  Not  far  out  from  the  last  bivouac 


60  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

was  passed  the  spot  where  a  large  body  of  Mex 
ican  troops  had  camped,  the  farthest  point  of 
their  penetration  into  the  range,  although  their 
scouts  had  been  pushed  in  some  distance  farther, 
only  to  be  badly  whipped  by  the  Chiricahuas, 
who  sent  them  flying  back,  utterly  demoralized- 

These  particulars  may  now  be  remarked  of 
that  country :  It  seemed  to  consist  of  a  series  of 
parallel  and  very  high,  knife-edged  hills, — ex 
tremely  rocky  and  bold ;  the  canons  all  contained 
water,  either  flowing  rapidly,  or  else  in  tanks  of 
great  depth.  Dense  pine  forests  covered  the 
ridges  near  the  crests,  the  lower  skirts  being 
matted  with  scrub-oak.  Grass  was  generally 
plentiful,  but  not  invariably  to  be  depended 
upon.  Trails  ran  in  every  direction,  and  upon 
them  were  picked  up  all  sorts  of  odds  and  ends 
plundered  from  the  Mexicans, — dresses,  made 
and  unmade,  saddles,  bridles,  letters,  flour,  onions, 
and  other  stuff.  In  every  sheltered  spot  could 
be  discerned  the  ruins, — buildings,  walls,  and 
dams,  erected  by  an  extinct  race,  once  possessing 
this  region. 

The  pack-trains  had  much  difficulty  in  getting 
along.  Six  mules  slipped  from  the  trail,  and 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  61 

rolled  over  and  over  until  they  struck  the  bot 
tom  of  the  canon.  Fortunately  they  had  select 
ed  a  comparatively  easy  grade,  and  none  was 
badly  hurt. 

The  scouts  became  more  and  more  vigilant 
and  the  "  medicine-men  "  more  and  more  devo 
tional.  When  camp  was  made  the  high  peaks 
were  immediately  picketed,  and  all  the  ap 
proaches  carefully  examined.  Fires  were  al 
lowed  only  in  rare  cases,  and  in  positions 
affording  absolute  concealment.  Before  going 
to  bed  the  scouts  were  careful  to  fortify  them 
selves  in  such  a  manner  that  surprise  was  simply 
impossible. 

Late  at  night  (May  8th)  the  "  medicine-men  " 
gathered  together  for  the  never-to-be-neglected 
duty  of  singing  and  "  seeing  "  the  Chiricahuas. 
After  some  palaver  I  succeeded  in  obtaining 
the  privilege  of  sitting  in  the  circle  with  them. 
All  but  one  chanted  in  a  low,  melancholy  tone, 
half  song  and  half  grunt.  The  solitary  excep 
tion  lay  as  if  in  a  trance  for  a  few  moments, 
and  then,  half  opening  his  lips,  began  to  thump 
himself  violently  in  the  breast,  and  to  point  to 
the  east  and  north,  while  he  muttered :  "  Me 


62  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

can't  see  the  Chilicahuas  yet.  Bimeby  me  see 
'urn.  Me  catch  'urn,  me  kill  'um.  Me  no  catch 
'um,  me  no  kill  'um.  Mebbe  so  six  day  me 
catch  'um  ;  mebbe  so  two  day.  Tomollow  me 
send  twenty-pibe  (25)  men  to  hunt  'um^tlail. 
Mebbe  so  tomollow  catch  'um  squaw.  Chili- 
cahua  see  me,  me  no  get  'um.  No  see  me, 
me  catch  him.  Me  see  him  little  bit  now. 
Mebbe  so  me  see  'um  more  tomollow.  Me 
catch  'um,  me  kill  'um.  Me  catch  'um  hoss,  me 
catch  'um  mool  (mule),  me  catch  'um  cow.  Me 
catch  Chilicahua  pooty  soon,  bimeby.  Me  kill 
'um  heap,  and  catch  'um  squaw."  These  prophe 
cies,  translated  for  me  by  an  old  friend  in  the 
circle  who  spoke  some  English,  were  listened  to 
with  rapt  attention  and  reverence  by  the  awe 
struck  scouts  on  the  exterior. 

The  succeeding  day  brought  increased  trouble 
and  danger.  The  mountains  became,  if  any 
thing,  steeper;  the  trails,  if  anything,  more 
perilous.  Carcasses  of  mules,  ponies,  and  cows 
lined  the  path  along  which  we  toiled,  dragging 
after  us  worn-oat  horses. 

It  was  not  yet  noon  when  the  final  ridge  of 
the  day  was  crossed  and  the  trail  turned  down 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  63 

a  narrow,  gloomy,  and  rocky  gorge,  which  grad 
ually  widened  into  a  small  amphitheatre. 

This,  the  guide  said,  was  the  stronghold  oc 
cupied  by  the  Chiricahuas  w^hile  he  was  with 
them ;  but  no  one  was  there  now.  For  all  pur 
poses  of  defense,  it  was  admirably  situated. 
Water  flowed  in  a  cool,  sparkling  stream 
through  the  middle  of  the  amphitheatre.  Pine, 
oak,  and  cedar  in  abundance  and  of  good  size 
clung  to  the  steep  flanks  of  the  ridges,  in  whose 
crevices  grew  much  grass.  The  country,  for  a 
considerable  distance,  could  be  watched  from 
the  pinnacles  upon  which  the  savage  pickets 
had  been  posted,  while  their  huts  had  been  so 
scattered  and  concealed  in  the  different  brakes 
that  the  capture  or  destruction  of  the  entire 
band  could  never  have  been  effected. 

The  Chiricahuas  had  evidently  lived  in  this 
place  a  considerable  time.  The  heads  and  bones 
of  cows  and  ponies  were  scattered  about  on  all 
sides.  Meat  must  have  been  their  principal 
food,  since  we  discovered  scarcely  any  mescal 
or  other  vegetables.  At  one  point  the  scouts 
indicated  where  a  mother  had  been  cutting  a 
child's  hair ;  at  another,  where  a  band  of  young- 


64  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

sters  had  been  enjoying  themselves  sliding  down 
rocks. 

Here  were  picked  up  the  implements  used 
by  a  young  Chiricahua  assuming  the  duties  of 
manhood.  Like  all  other  Indians  they  make 
vows  and  pilgrimages  to  secluded  spots,  during 
which  periods  they  will  not  put  their  lips  to 
water,  but  suck  up  all  they  need  through  a 
quill  or  cane.  Hair-brushes  of  grass,  bows  and 
arrows,  and  a  Winchester  rifle  had  likewise  been 
left  behind  by  the  late  occupants. 

The  pack-trains  experienced  much  difficulty 
in  keeping  the  trail  this  morning  (May  9). 
Five  mules  fell  over  the  precipice  and  killed 
themselves,  three  breaking  their  necks  and  two 
having  to  be  shot 

Being  now  in  the  very  centre  of  the  hostile 
country,  May  10,  1883,  unusual  precautions 
were  taken  to  guard  against  discovery  or  am 
buscade,  and  to  hurry  along  the  pack-mules. 
Parties  of  Apache  scouts  were  thrown  out  to 
the  front,  flanks,  and  rear  to  note  carefully 
every  track  in  the  ground.  A  few  were  de 
tailed  to  stay  with  the  pack-mules  and  guide 
them  over  the  best  line  of  country.  Ax-men 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  65 

were  sent  ahead  on  the  trail  to  chop  out  trees 
and  remove  rocks  or  other  obstructions.  Then 
began  a  climb  which  reflected  the  experience 
of  the  previous  two  days  ;  if  at  all  different,  it 
was  much  worse.  Upon  the  crest  of  the  first 
high  ridge  were  seen  forty  abandoned  jacales 
or  lodges  of  branches ;  after  that,  another  dis 
mantled  village  of  thirty  more,  and  then,  in 
every  protected  nook,  one,  two,  or  three,  as 
might  be.  Fearful  as  this  trail  was  the  Chiri- 
cahuas  had  forced  over  it  a  band  of  cattle 
and  ponies,  whose  footprints  had  been  fully 
outlined  in  the  mud,  just  hardened  into  clay. 

After  two  miles  of  a  very  hard  climb  we  slid 
down  the  almost  perpendicular  face  of  a  high 
bluff  of  slippery  clay  and  loose  shale  into  an  open 
space  dotted  with  Chiricahua  huts,  where,  on  a 
grassy  space,  the  young  savages  had  been  playing 
their  favorite  game  of  mushka,  or  lance-billiards. 

Two  white-tailed  deer  ran  straight  into  the 
long  file  of  scouts  streaming  down  hill;  a  shower 
of  rocks  and  stones  greeted  them,  and  there  was 
much  suppressed  merriment,  but  not  the  least 
bit  of  noisy  laughter,  the  orders  being  to  avoid 
any  cause  of  alarm  to  the  enemy. 


66  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

A  fearful  chute  led  from  this  point  down 
into  the  gloomy  chasm  along  which  trickled 
the  head-waters  of  the  Bavispe,  gathering  in 
basins  and  pools  clear  as  mirrors  of  crystal.  A 
tiny  cascade  babbled  over  a  ledge  of  limestone 
and  filled  at  the  bottom  a  dark-green  reser 
voir  of  unknown  depth.  There  was  no  longer 
any  excitement  about  Chiricahua  signs;  rather, 
wonder  when  none  were  to  be  seen. 

The  ashes  of  extinct  fires,  the  straw  of  un 
used  beds,  the  skeleton  frame- work  of  disman 
tled  huts,  the  play-grounds  and  dance-grounds, 
mescal-pits  and  acorn-meal  mills  were  visible 
at  every  turn.  The  Chiricahuas  must  have  felt 
perfectly  secure  amid  these  towering  pinnacles 
of  rock  in  these  profound  chasms,  by  these 
bottomless  pools  of  water,  and  in  the  depths 
of  this  forest  primeval.  Here  no  human  foe 
could  hope  to  conquer  them.  Notwithstand 
ing  this  security  of  position,  "Peaches"  as 
serted  that  the  Chiricahuas  never  relaxed  vigi 
lance.  No  fires  were  allowed  at  night,  and  all 
cooking  was  done  at  midday.  Sentinels  lurked 
in  every  crag,  and  bands  of  bold  raiders  kept 
the  foot-hills  thoroughly  explored.  Crossing 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  67 

Bavispe,  the  trail  zigzagged  up  the  vertical 
slope  of  a  promontory  nearly  a  thousand  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  water.  Perspiration 
streamed  from  every  brow,  and  mules  and 
horses  panted,  sweated,  and  coughed ;  but  Up ! 
Up  !  Up  !  was  the  watchword. 

Look  out !  came  the  warning  cry  from  those 
in  the  lead,  and  then  those  in  the  rear  and 
bottom  dodged  nervously  from  the  trajectory 
of  rocks  dislodged  from  the  parent  mass,  and, 
gathering  momentum  as  each  bound  hurled 
them  closer  to  the  bottom  of  the  cafion.  To 
look  upon  the  country  was  a  grand  sensation ; 
to  travel  in  it,  infernal.  Away  down  at  the 
foot  of  the  mountains  the  pack-mules  could 
be  discerned — apparently  not  much  bigger  than 
jack-rabbits, — struggling  and  panting  up  the 
long,  tortuous  grade.  And  yet,  up  and  down 
these  ridges  the  Apache  scouts,  when  the  idea 
seized  them,  ran  like  deer. 

One  of  them  gave  a  low  cry,  half  whisper, 
half  whistle.  Instantly  all  were  on  the  alert, 
and  by  some  indefinable  means,  the  news 
flashed  through  the  column  that  two  Chirica- 
huas  had  been  sighted  a  short  distance  ahead 


68  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

in  a  side  canon.  Before  I  could  write  this 
down  the  scouts  had  stripped  to  the  buff, 
placed  their  clothing  in  the  rocks,  and  dis 
patched  ten  or  twelve  of  their  number  in  swift 
pursuit. 

This  proved  to  be  a  false  alarm,  for  in  an 
hour  they  returned,  having  caught  up  with  the 
supposed  Chiricahuas,  who  were  a  couple  of 
our  own  packers,  off  the  trail,  looking  for  stray 
mules. 

When  camp  was  made  that  afternoon  the 
Apache  scouts  had  a  long  conference  with 
General  Crook.  They  called  attention  to  the 
fact  that  the  pack-trains  could  not  keep  up 
with  them,  that  five  mules  had  been  killed  on 
the  trail  yesterday,  and  five  others  had  rolled 
off  this  morning,  but  been  rescued  with  slight 
injuries.  They  proposed  that  the  pack-trains 
and  white  troops  remain  in  camp  at  this  point, 
and  in  future  move  so  as  to  be  a  day's  march 
or  less  behind  the  Apache  scouts,  150  of  whom, 
under  Crawford,  Gate  wood,  and  Mackey,  with 
Al.  Zeiber  and  the  other  white  guides,  would 
move  out  well  in  advance  to  examine  the 
country  thoroughly  in  front. 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  69 

If  they  came  upon  scattered  parties  of  the 
hostiles  they  would  attack  boldly,  kill  as  many 
as  they  could,  and  take  the  rest  back,  pris 
oners,  to  San  Carlos.  Should  the  Chiricahuas 
be  intrenched  in  a  strong  position,  they  would 
engage  them,  but  do  nothing  rash,  until  rein 
forced  by  the  rest  of  the  command.  General 
Crook  told  them  they  must  be  careful  not  to 
kill  women  or  children,  and  that  all  who  sur 
rendered  should  be  taken  back  to  the  reserva 
tion  and  made  to  work  for  their  own  living  like 
white  people. 

Animation  and  bustle  prevailed  everywhere; 
small  fires  were  burning  in  secluded  nooks,  and 
upon  the  bright  embers  the  scouts  baked  quan 
tities  of  bread  to  be  carried  with  them.  Some 
ground  coffee  on  flat  stones;  others  examined 
their  weapons  critically  and  cleaned  their  car 
tridges.  Those  whose  moccasins  needed  repair 
sewed  and  patched  them,  while  the  more  cleanly 
and  more  religious  indulged  in  the  sweat-bath, 
which  has  a  semi-sacred  character  on  such  oc 
casions. 

A  strong  detachment  of  packers,  soldiers,  and 
Apaches  climbed  the  mountains  to  the  south, 


70  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

and  reached  the  locality  in  the  foot-hills  where 
the  Mexicans  and  Chiricahuas  had  recently  had 
an  engagement.  Judging  by  signs  it  would 
appear  conclusive  that  the  Indians  had  enticed 
the  Mexicans  into  an  ambuscade,  killed  a  num 
ber  with  bullets  and  rocks,  and  put  the  rest  to 
ignominious  flight.  The  "  medicine-men "  had 
another  song  and  pow-wow  after  dark.  Before 
they  adjourned  it  was  announced  that  in  two 
days,  counting  from  the  morrow,  the  scouts 
would  find  the  Chiricahuas,  and  in  three  days 
kill  a  "  heap." 

On  May  11,  1883  (Friday),  one  hundred  and 
fifty  Apache  scouts,  under  the  officers  above 
named,  with  Zeiber,  "Mickey  Free,"  Severiano, 
Archie  Mclntosh,  and  Sam  Bowman,  started 
from  camp,  on  foot,  at  daybreak.  Each  carried 
on  his,  person  four  days'  rations,  a  canteen,  100 
rounds  of  ammunition,  and  a  blanket.  Those 
who  were  to  r.emain  in  camp  picketed  the  three 
high  peaks  overlooking  it,  and  from  which  half 
a  dozen  Chiricahuas  could  offer  serious  annoy, 
ance.  Most  of  those  not  on  guard  went  down 
to  the  water,  bathed,  and  washed  clothes.  The 
severe  climbing  up  and  down  rough  mountains, 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  71 

slipping,  falling,  and  rolling  in  dust  and  clay, 
had  blackened  most  of  us  like  negroes. 

Chiricahua  ponies  had  been  picked  up  in 
numbers,  four  coming  down  the  mountains  of 
their  own  accord,  to  join  our  herds ;  and  alto 
gether,  twenty  were  by  this  date  in  camp.  The 
suggestions  of  the  locality  were  rather  peaceful 
in  type ;  lovely  blue  humming-birds  flitted  from 
bush  to  bush,  and  two  Apache  doll-babies  lay 
upon  the  ground. 

Just  as  the  sun  was  sinking  behind  the  hills 
in  the  west,  a  runner  came  back  with  a  note 
from  Crawford,  saying  there  was  a  fine  camp 
ing  place  twelve  or  fifteen  miles  across  the 
mountains  to  the  south-east,  with  plenty  of 
wood,  water,  and  grass. 

For  the  ensuing  three  days  the  white  soldiers 
and  pack-trains  cautiously  followed  in  the  foot 
steps  of  Crawford  and  the  scouts,  keeping  a 
sufficient  interval  between  the  two  bodies  to 
insure  thorough  investigation  of  the  rough 
country  in  front.  The  trail  did  not  improve 
very  much,  although  after  the  summit  of  a 
high,  grassy  plateau  had  been  gained,  there  was 
easy  traveling  for  several  leagues.  Pine-trees 


n  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

of  majestic  proportions  covered  the  mountain- 
tops,  and  there  was  the  usual  thickness  of 
scrub-oak  on  the  lower  elevations.  By  the  side 
of  the  trail,  either  thrown  away  or  else  cached 
in  the  trees,  were  quantities  of  goods  left  by 
the  Chiricahuas — calico,  clothing,  buckskin, 
horse-hides,  beef-hides,  dried  meat,  and  things 
of  that  nature.  The  nights  were  very  cool,  the 
days  bright  and  warm.  The  Bavispe  and  its 
tributaries  were  a  succession  of  deep  tanks  of 
glassy,  pure  water,  in  which  all  our  people 
bathed  on  every  opportunity.  The  scouts 
escorting  the  pack-trains  gathered  in  another 
score  of  stray  ponies  and  mules,  and  were  en 
couraged  by  another  note  sent  back  by  Craw 
ford,  saying  that  he  had  passed  the  site  of 
a  Chiricahua  village  of  ninety-eight  wickyups 
(huts),  that  the  enemy  had  a  great  drove  of 
horses  and  cattle,  and  that  the  presence  of 
Americans  or  Apache  scouts  in  the  country 
was  yet  undreamed  of. 

Additional  rations  were  pushed  ahead  to 
Crawford  and  his  command,  the  pack-trains 
in  rear  taking  their  own  "time  to  march. 
There  was  an  abundance  of  wood  in  the  for- 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  73 

est,  grass  grew  in  sufficiency,  and  the  BaVispe 
yielded  water  enough  for  a  great  army.  The 
stream  was  so  clear  that  it  was  a  pleasure  to 
count  the  pebbles  at  the  bottom  and  to  watch 
the  graceful  fishes  swimming  within  the 
shadow  of  moss-grown  rocks.  The  current 
was  so  deep  that,  sinking  slowly,  with  up 
lifted  arms,  one  was  not  always  able  to  touch 
bottom  with  the  toes,  and  so  wide  that  twenty 
good,  nervous  strokes  barely  sufficed  to  propel 
the  swimmer  from  shore  to  shore.  The  water 
was  soft,  cool,  and  refreshing,  and  a  plunge 
beneath  its  ripples  smoothed  away  the  wrinkles 
of  care. 

On  May  15,  1883,  we  climbed  and  marched 
ten  or  twelve  miles  to  the  south-east,  crossing 
a  piece  of  country  recently  burned  over,  the 
air,  filled  with  soot  and  hot  dust,  blackening 
and  blistering  our  faces.  Many  more  old  ruins 
were  passed  and  scores  of  walls  of  masonry. 
The  trail  was  slightly  improved,  but  still  bad 
enough ;  the  soil,  a  half -disintegrated,  reddish 
feldspar,  with  thin  seams  of  quartz  crystals. 
There  were  also  granite,  sandstone,  shale,  quart- 
zite,  and  round  masses  of  basalt.  In  the  bot- 


74  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

toms  of  the  canons  were  all  kinds  of  "float" — 
granite,  basalt,  sandstone,  porphyry,  schist, 
limestone,  etc. ;  but  no  matter  what  the  kind 
of  rock  was,  when  struck  upon  the  hill-sides  it 
was  almost  invariably  split  and  broken,  and 
grievously  retarded  the  advance. 


III. 


ABOUT  noon  of  the  15th  we  had  descended 
into  a  small  box  canon,  where  we  were  met  by 
two  white  men  (packers)  and  nine  Apache 
scouts. 

They  had  come  back  from  Crawford  with 
news  for  which  all  were  prepared.  The  enemy 
was  close  in  our  front,  and  fighting  might  be 
gin  at  any  moment.  The  scouts  in  advance 
had  picked  up  numbers  of  ponies,  mules,  bur 
ros,  and  cattle.  This  conversation  was  broken 
by  the  sudden  arrival  of  an  Apache  runner, 
who  had  come  six  miles  over  the  mountains  in 
less  than  an  hour.  He  reached  us  at  1.05,  and 
handed  General  Crook  a  note,  dated  12.15,  stat 
ing  that  the  advance-guard  had  run  across  the 
Chiricahuas  this  morning  in  a  canon,  and  had 
become  much  excited.  Two  Chiricahuas  were 
fired  at,  two  bucks  and  a  squaw,  by  scouts, 
which  action  had  alarmed  the  hostiles,  and 
their  camp  was  on  the  move.  Crawford  would 


76  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

pursue  with  all  possible  rapidity.  At  the  same 
moment  reports  of  distant  musketry -firing  were 
borne  across  the  hills.  Crawford  was  fighting 
the  Chiricahuas !  There  could  be  no  doubt 
about  that ;  but  exactly  how  many  he  had 
found,  and  what  luck  he  was  having,  no  one 
could  tell.  General  Crook  ordered  Chaffee  to 
mount  his  men,  and  everybody  to  be  in  readi 
ness  to  move  forward  fco  Crawford's  support,  if 
necessary.  The  firing  continued  for  a  time,  and 
then  grew  feeble  and  died  away. 

All  were  anxious  for  a  fight  which  should 
bring  this  Chiricahua  trouble  to  an  end ;  we 
had  an  abundance  of  ammunition  and  a  suffic 
iency  of  rations  for  a  pursuit  of  several  days 
and  nights,  the  moon  being  at  its  full. 

Shortly  after  dark  Crawford  and  his  com 
mand  came  into  camp.  They  had  li  jumped  " 
"  Bonito's  "  and  "  Chato's  "  rancherias,  killing 
nine  and  capturing  five — two  boys,  two  girls, 
and  one  young  woman,  the  daughter  of 
"  Bonito,"  without  loss  to  our  side.  From  the 
dead  Chiracahuas  had  been  taken  four  nickel- 
plated,  breech-loading  Winchester  repeating 
rifles,  and  one  Colt's  revolver,  new  model.  The 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  77 

Chiricahuas  had  been  pursued  across  a  fear 
fully  broken  country,  gashed  with  countless 
ravines,  and  shrouded  with  a  heavy  growth  of 
pine  and  scrub-oak.  How  many  had  been 
killed  and  wounded  could  never  be  definitely 
known,  the  meagre  official  report,  submitted  by 
Captain  Crawford,  being  of  necessity  confined 
to  figures  known  to  be  exact.  Although  the 
impetuosity  of  the  younger  scouts  had  precipi 
tated  the  engagement  and  somewhat  impaired 
its  effect,  yet  this  little  skirmish  demonstrated 
two  things  to  the  hostile  Chiricahuas ;  their 
old  friends  and  relatives  from  the  San  Carlos 
had  invaded  their  strongholds  as  the  allies  of 
the  white  men,  and  could  be  depended  upon 
to  fight,  whether  backed  up  by  white  soldiers 
or  not.  The  scouts  next  destroyed  the  vil 
lage,  consisting  of  thirty  wickyvps,  disposed  in 
two  clusters,  and  carried  off  all  the  animals, 
loading  down  forty-seven  of  them  with  plun 
der.  This  included  the  traditional  riffraff  of 
an  Indian  village  :  saddles,  bridles,  meat,  mes 
cal,  blankets,  and  clothing,  with  occasional 
prizes  of  much  greater  value,  originally  stolen 
by  the  Chiricahuas  in  raids  upon  Mexicans  or 


78  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

Americans.  There  were  several  gold  and  sil 
ver  watches,  a  couple  of  albums,  and  a  consid 
erable  sum  of  money — Mexican  and  American 
coin  and  paper.  The  captives  behaved  with 
great  coolness  and  self-possession,  considering 
their  tender  years.  The  eldest  said  that  her 
people  had  been  astounded  and  dismayed  when 
they  saw  the  long  line  of  Apache  scouts  rush 
ing  in  upon  them;  they  would  be  still  more 
disconcerted  when  they  learned  that  our  guide 
was  "  Peaches,"  as  familiar  as  themselves  with 
every  nook  in  strongholds  so  long  regarded  as 
inaccessible.  Nearly  all  the  Chiricahua  war 
riors  were  absent  raiding  in  Sonora  and  Chi 
huahua.  This  young  squaw  was  positive  that 
the  Chiricahuas  would  give  up  without  further 
fighting,  since  the  Americans  had  secured  all 
the  advantages  of  position.  "Loco"  and  "Chi 
huahua,"  she  knew,  would  be  glad  to  live 
peaceably  upon  the  reservation,  if  justly  treat 
ed  ;  "  Hieronymo "  and  "  Chato  "  she  wasn't 
sure  about.  "  Ju  "  was  defiant,  but  none  of  his 
bands  were  left  alive.  Most  important  informa 
tion  of  all,  she  said  that  in  the  rancherm  just 
destroyed  was  a  little  white  boy  about  six 


APACHE  GIRL  WITH  TYPICAL  DBESS. 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  79 

years  old,  called  "Charlie,"  captured  by 
"  Chato  "  in  his  recent  raid  in  Arizona.  This 
boy  had  run  away  with  the  old  squaws  when 
the  advance  of  the  Apache  scouts  had  been  first 
detected.  She  said  that  if  allowed  to  go  out 
she  would  in  less  than  two  days  bring  in  the 
whole  band,  and  Charlie  (McComas)  with  them. 
All  that  night  the  lofty  peak,  the  scene  of  the 
action,  blazed  with  fire  from  the  burning  ranch- 
eria.  Ham-clouds  gathered  in  the  sky,  and, 
after  hours  of  threatening,  broke  into  a  severe 
but  brief  shower  about  sunrise  next  morning 
(May  15). 

The  young  woman  w^as  given  a  little  hard 
bread  and  meat,  enough  to  last  two  days,  and 
allowed  to  go  off,  taking  with  her  the  elder  of 
the  boy  captives.  The  others  stayed  with  us  and 
were  kindly  treated.  They  were  given  all  the 
baked  mescal  they  could  eat  and  a  sufficiency 
of  bread  and  meat.  The  eldest  busied  herself 
with  basting  a  skirt,  but,  like  another  Penelope, 
as  fast  as  her  work  was  done  she  ripped  it  up 
and  began  anew — apparently  afraid  that  idle- 
ness  would  entail  punishment.  The  younger 
girl  sobbed  convulsively,  but  her  little  brother, 


80  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

a  handsome  brat,  gazed  stolidly  at  the  world 
through  eyes  as  big  as  oysters  and  as  black  as  jet. 

Later  in  the  morning,  after  the  fitful  showers 
had  turned  into  a  blinding,  soaking  rain,  the 
Apache  scouts  made  for  these  young  captives  a 
little  shelter  of  branches  and  a  bed  of  boughs 
and  dry  grass.  Pickets  were  thrown  out  to 
watch  the  country  on  all  sides  and  seize  upon 
any  stray  Chiricahua  coming  unsuspectingly 
within  their  reach.  The  rain  continued  with 
exasperating  persistency  all  day.  The  night 
cleared  off  bitter  cold  and  water  froze  in  pails 
and  kettles.  The  command  moved  out  from 
this  place,  going  to  another  and  better  location 
a  few  miles  south-east.  The  first  lofty  ridge 
had  been  scaled,  when  we  descried  on  the  sum 
mit  of  a  prominent  knoll  directly  in  our  front  a 
thin  curl  of  smoke  wreathing  upwards.  This 
was  immediately  answered  by  the  scouts,  who 
heaped  up  pine-cones  and  cedar  branches, 
which,  in  a  second  after  ignition,  shot  a  bold, 
black,  resinous  signal  above  the  tops  of  the 
loftiest  pines. 

Five  miles  up  and  down  mountains  of  no 
great  height  but  of  great  asperity  led  to  a  fine 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  81 

camping-place,  at  the  junction  of  two  well- 
watered  canons,  near  which  grew  pine,  oak,  and 
cedar  in  plenty,  and  an  abundance  of  rich, 
juicy  grasses.  The  Apache  scouts  sent  up  a 
second  smoke  signal,  promptly  responded  to 
from  a  neighboring  butte.  A  couple  of  min 
utes  after  two  squaws  were  seen  threading  their 
way  down  through  the  timber  and  rocks  and 
yelling  with  full  voice.  They  were  the  sisters 
of  To-klani  (Plenty  Water),  one  of  the  scouts. 
They  said  that  they  had  lost  heavily  in  the 
fight,  and  that  while  endeavoring  to  escape 
over  the  rocks  and  ravines  and  through  the 
timber  the  fire  of  the  scouts  had  played  havoc 
among  them.  They  fully  confirmed  all  that 
the  captives  had  said  about  Charlie  McComas. 
Two  hours  had  scarcely  passed  when  six  other 
women  had  come  in,  approaching  the  pickets 
two  and  two,  and  waving  white  rags.  One  of 
these,  the  sister  of  "Chihuahua" — a  prominent 
man  among  the  Chiricahuas — said  that  her 
brother  wanted  to  come  in,  and  was  trying  to 
gather  up  his  band,  which  had  scattered  like 
sheep  after  the  fight ;  he  might  be  looked  for 
in  our  camp  at  any  moment. 


82  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

On  the  18th  (May,  1883),  before  8.30  A.  M., 
six  new  arrivals  were  reported — four  squaws, 
one  buck  and  a  boy.  Close  upon  their  heels  fol 
lowed  sixteen  others — men,  women,  and  young 
children.  In  this  band  was  "  Chihuahua " 
himself,  a  fine-looking  man,  whose  countenance 
betokened  great  decision  and  courage. 

This  chief  expressed  to  General  Crook  his 
earnest  desire  for  peace,  and  acknowledged  that 
all  the  Chiricahuas  could  hope  to  do  in  the 
future  would  be  to  prolong  the  contest  a  few 
weeks  and  defer  their  destruction.  He  was 
tired  of  fighting.  His  village  had  been  de 
stroyed  and  all  his  property  was  in  our  hands. 
He  wished  to  surrender  his  band  just  as  soon 
as  he  could  gather  it  together.  "  Hieronymo," 
"  Chato,"  and  nearly  all  the  warriors  were  ab 
sent,  fighting  the  Mexicans,  but  he  ("Chihua 
hua  ")  had  sent  runners  out  to  gather  up  his 
band  and  tell  his  people  they  must  surren 
der,  without  reference  to  what  the  others 
did. 

Before  night  forty-five  Chiricahuas  had  come 
in — men,  women,  and  children.  "  Chihuahua  " 
asked  permission  to  go  out  with  two  young 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  83 

men  and  hurry  his  people  in.  This  was 
granted.  He  promised  to  return  without  any 
delay.  The  women  of  the  Chiricahuas  showed 
the  wear  and  tear  of  a  rugged  mountain  life, 
and  the  anxieties  and  disquietudes  of  a  rugged 
Ishmaelitish  war.  The  children  were  models 
of  grace  and  beauty,  which  revealed  themselves 
through  dirt  and  rags. 

On  May  19,  1883,  camp  was  moved  five  or 
six  miles  to  a  position  giving  the  usual  abun 
dance  of  water  and  rather  better  grass.  It  was 
a  small  park  in  the  centre  of  a  thick  growth  of 
young  pines.  Upon  unsaddling,  the  Chirica 
huas  were  counted,  and  found  to  number  sev 
enty,  which  total  before  noon  had  swollen  to 
an  even  hundred,  not  including  "  Chihuahua  " 
and  those  gone  back  with  him. 

The  Chiricahuas  were  reserved,  but  good- 
humored.  Several  of  them  spoke  Spanish 
fluently.  Rations  were  issued  in  small  quan 
tity,  ponies  being  killed  for  meat.  Two  or 
three  of  the  Indians  bore  fresh  bullet-wounds 
from  the  late  fight.  On  the  succeeding  eve 
ning,  May  20,  1883,  the  Chiricahuas  were  again 
numbered  at  breakfast.  They  had  increased  to 


84  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

121 — sixty  being  women  and  girls,  the  remain 
der,  old  men,  young  men,  and  boys. 

All  said  that  "  Chihuahua  "  and  his  comrades 
were  hard  at  work  gathering  the  tribe  together 
and  sending  them  in. 

Toward  eight  o'clock  a  fearful  hubbub  was 
heard  in  the  tall  cliffs  overlooking  camp  ;  In 
dians  fully  armed  could  be  descried  running 
about  from  crag  to  crag,  evidently  much  per 
plexed  and  uncertain  what  to  do.  They  began 
to  interchange  cries  with  those  in  our  midst, 
and,  after  a  brief  interval,  a  couple  of  old 
squaws  ventured  down  the  face  of  the  preci 
pice,  followed  at  irregular  distances  by  war 
riors,  who  hid  themselves  in  the  rocks  half-way 
down. 

They  asked  whether  they  were  to  be  hurt  if 
they  came  in. 

One  of  the  scouts  and  one  of  the  Chiricahuas 
went  out  to  them  to  say  that  it  made  no  differ 
ence  whether  they  came  in  or  not ;  that  "  Chi 
huahua  "  and  all  his  people  had  surrendered, 
and  that  if  these  new  arrivals  came  in  during 
the  day  they  should  not  be  harmed ;  that  until 
"  Chihuahua  "  and  the  last  of  his  band  had  had 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  85 

a  chance  to  come  in  and  bring  Charlie  McComas 
hostilities  should  be  suspended.  The  Chirica- 
huas  were  still  fearful  of  treachery  and  hung 
like  hawks  or  vultures  to  the  protecting  shad 
ows  of  inaccessible  pinnacles  one  thousand  feet 
above  our  position.  Gradually  their  fears  wore 
off,  and  in  parties  of  two  and  three,  by  various 
trails,  they  made  their  way  to  General  Crook's 
fire.  They  were  a  band  of  thirty-six  warriors, 
led  by  "Hieronymo,"  who  had  just  returned 
from  a  bloody  foray  in  Chihuahua.  "Hieron 
ymo  "  expressed  a  desire  to  have  a  talk ;  but 
General  Crook  declined  to  have  anything  to  do 
with  him  or  his  party  beyond  saying  that  they 
had  now  an  opportunity  to  see  for  themselves 
that  their  own  people  were  against  them ;  that 
we  had  penetrated  to  places  vaunted  as  impreg 
nable  ;  that  the  Mexicans  were  coming  in  from 
all  sides ;  and  that  "  Hieronymo  "  could  make 
up  his  mind  for  peace  or  war  just  as  he  chose. 
This  reply  disconcerted  "  Hieronymo ;"  he 
waited  for  an  hour,  to  resume  the  conversation, 
but  received  no  encouragement.  He  and  his 
warriors  were  certainly  as  fine-looking  a  lot  of 
pirates  as  ever  cut  a  throat  or  scuttled  a  ship ; 


86  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

not  one  among  them  who  was  not  able  to  travel 
forty  to  fifty  miles  a  day  over  these  gloomy 
precipices  and  along  these  gloomy  canons.  In 
muscular  development,  lung  and  heart  power, 
they  were,  without  exception,  the  finest  body 
of  human  beings  I  had  ever  looked  upon.  Each 
was  armed  with  a  breech -loading  Winchester  ; 
most  had  nickel-plated  revolvers  of  the  latest 
pattern,  and  a  few  had  also  bows  and  lances. 
They  soon  began  to  talk  with  the  Apache 
scouts, who  improved  the  occasion  to  inform  them 
that  not  only  had  they  come  down  with  Gen 
eral  Crook,  but  that  from  both  Sonora  and 
Chihuahua  Mexican  soldiers  might  be  looked 
for  in  swarms. 

"Hieronymo"  was  much  humbled  by  this, 
and  went  a  second  time  to  General  Crook  to 
have  a  talk.  He  assured  him  that  he  had  al 
ways  wanted  to  be  at  peace,  but  that  he  had 
been  as  much  sinned  against  as  sinning;  that  he 
had  been  ill-treated  at  the  San  Carlos  and  driven 
away ;  that  the  Mexicans  had  been  most  treach 
erous  in  their  dealings  with  his  people,  and  that 
he  couldn't  believe  a  word  they  said.  They  had 
made  war  upon  his  women  and  children,  but 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  87 

had  run  like  coyotes  from  his  soldiers.  He  had 
been  trying  to  open  communications  with  the 
Mexican  generals  in  Chihuahua  to  arrange  for 
an  exchange  of  prisoners.  If  General  Crook 
would  let  him  go  back  to  San  Carlos,  and  guar 
antee  him  just  treatment,  he  would  gladly  work 
for  his  own  living,  and  follow  the  path  of  peace. 
He  simply  asked  for  a  trial ;  if  he  could  not 
make  peace,  he  and  his  men  would  die  in  these 
mountains,  fighting  to  the  last.  He  was  not  a 
bit  afraid  of  Mexicans  alone;  but  he  could  not 
hope  to  prolong  a  contest  with  Mexicans  and 
Americans  united,  in  these  ranges,  and  with  so 
many  Apache  allies  assisting  them.  General 
Crook  said  but  little ;  it  amounted  to  this :  that 
"  Hieronymo "  could  make  up  his  mind  as  to 
what  he  wanted,  peace  or  war. 

May  21st  was  one  of  the  busiest  days  of  the 
expedition.  "Hieronymo, "at  early  dawn, came 
to  see  General  Crook,  and  told  him  he  wished  for 
peace.  He  earnestly  promised  amendment,  and 
begged  to  be  taken  back  to  San  Carlos.  He 
asked  permission  to  get  all  his  people  together, 
and  said  he  had  sent  some  of  his  young  men  off 
to  hurry  them  in"  from  all  points.  He  could  not 


88  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

get  them  to  answer  his  signals,  as  they  imagined 
them  to  be  made  by  Apache  scouts  trying  to 
ensnare  them.  Chiricahuas  were  coming  in  all 
the  morning, — all  ages,  and  both  sexes, — sent  in 
by  u  Chihnahua  "  and  his  party ;  most  of  these 
were  mounted  on  good  ponies,  and  all  drove 
pack  and  loose  animals  before  them.  Early  in 
the  day  there  was  seen  winding  through  the  pine 
timber  a  curious  procession, — mostly  young  war 
riors,  of  an  aggregate  of  thirty-eight  souls,— 
driving  steers  and  work  cattle,  and  riding  ponies 
and  burros.  All  these  were  armed  with  Win 
chester  and  Springfield  breech-loaders,  with  re 
volvers  and  lances  whose  blades  were  old  cavalry 
sabres.  The  little  boys  carried  revolvers,  lances, 
and  bows  and  arrows.  This  was  the  band  of 
Kaw-tenne  (Looking-Glass),  a  young  chief,  who 
claimed  to  be  a  Mexican  Apache  and  to  belong 
to  the  Sierra  Madre,  in  whose  recesses  he  had 
been  born  and  raised. 

The  question  of  feeding  all  these  mouths  was 
getting  to  be  a  very  serious  one.  We  had  started 
out  with  sixty  days'  supplies,  one-third  of  which 
had  been  consumed  by  our  own  command,  and 
a  considerable  percentage  lost  or  damaged  when 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  89 

mules  rolled  over  the  precipices.  The  great 
heat  of  the  sun  had  melted  much  bacon,  and 
there  was  the  usual  wastage  incident  to  move 
ments  in  campaign.  Stringent  orders  were  given 
to  limit  issues  to  the  lowest  possible  amount ; 
while  the  Chiricahuas  were  told  that  they  must 
cut  and  roast  all  the  mescal  to  be  found,  and 
kill  such  cattle  and  ponies  as  could  be  spared. 
The  Chiricahua  young  men  assumed  the  duty 
of  butchering  the  meat.  Standing  within  five 
or  six  feet  of  a  steer,  a  young  buck  would  prod 
the  doomed  beast  one  lightning  lance-thrust 
immediately  behind  the  left  fore-shoulder,  and, 
with  no  noise  other  than  a  single  bellow  of  fear 
and  agony,  the  beef  would  fall  forward  upon  its 
knees,  dead. 

Camp  at  this  period  presented  a  medley  of 
noises  not  often  found  united  under  a  military 
standard.  Horses  were  neighing,  mules  braying, 
and  bells  jingling,  as  the  herds  were  brought 
in  to  be  groomed.  The  ring  of  axes  against  the 
trunks  of  stout  pines  and  oaks,  the  hum  of  voices, 
the  squalling  of  babies,  the  silvery  laughter  of 
children  at  play,  and  the  occasional  music  of  an 
Apache  fiddle  or  flute,  combined  in  a  pleasant 


90  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

discord  which  left  the  listener  uncertain  whether 
he  was  in  the  bivouac  of  grim-visaged  war  or 
among  a  band  of  school-children.  Our  Apache 
scouts — the  Tontos  especially — treated  the  Chir- 
icahuas  with  dignified  reserve  :  the  Sierra  Blan- 
cas  (White  Mountain)  had  intermarried  with 
them,  and  were  naturally  more  familiar,  but  all 
watched  their  rifles  and  cartridges  very  care 
fully  to  guard  against  treachery.  The  squaws 
kept  at  work,  jerking  and  cooking  meat  and 
mescal  for  consumption  on  the  way  back  to  San 
Carlos.  The  entrails  were  the  coveted  portions, 
for  the  possession  of  which  the  more  greedy  or 
more  muscular  fought  with  frequency. 

Two  of  these  copper-skinned  "ladies"  engaged 
in  a  pitched  battle ;  they  rushed  for  each  other 
like  a  couple  of  infuriated  Texas  steers  ;  hair 
flew,  blood  dripped  from  battered  noses,  and 
two  "  human  forms  divine  "  were  scratched  and 
torn  by  sharp  nails  accustomed  to  this  mode  of 
warfare.  The  old  squaws  chattered  and  gab 
bled,  little  children  screamed  and  ran,  warriors 
stood  in  a  ring,  and  from  a  respectful  distance 
gazed  stolidly  upon  the  affray.  No  one  dared 
to  interfere.  There  is  no  tiger  more  dangerous 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  91 

than  an  infuriated  squaw ;  she's  a  fiend  incarnate. 
The  packers  and  soldiers  looked  on,  discussing 
the* "points"  of  the  belligerents.  "The  little 
one's  built  like  a  hired  man,"  remarks  one  critic. 
"  Ya-as  ;  but  the  old  un's  a  He,  and  doan'  you 
forgit  it."  Two  rounds  settled  the  battle  in 
favor  of  the  older  contestant,  although  the 
younger  remained  on  the  ground,  her  bleeding 
nostrils  snorting  defiance,  her  eyes  blazing  fire, 
and  her  tongue  volleying  forth  Apache  impreca 
tions. 

But  all  interest  was  withdrawn  from  this 
spectacle  and  converged  upon  a  file  of  five 
wretched,  broken-down  Mexican  women,  one  of 
whom  bore  a  nursing  baby,  who  had  come  with 
in  the  boundaries  of  our  camp  and  stood  in 
mute  terror,  wonder,  joy,  and  hope,  unable  to 
realize  that  they  were  free.  They  were  a  party 
of  captives  seized  by  "  Hieronymo  "  in  his  last 
raid  into  Chihuahua.  When  washed,  rested, 
and  fed  a  small  amount  of  food,  they  told  a  long, 
rambling  story,  which  is  here  condensed :  They 
were  the  wives  of  Mexican  soldiers  captured 
near  one  of  the  stations  of  the  Mexican  Central 
Railway  just  two  weeks  previously.  Originally 


92  AN  APACHE    CAMPAIGN. 

there  had  been  six  in  the  party,  but  ll  Hieron- 
yrno  "  had  sent  back  the  oldest  and  feeblest  with 
a  letter  to  the  Mexican  general,  saying  that  he 
wanted  to  make  peace  with  the  whites,  and 
would  do  so,  provided  the  Mexicans  returned 
the  Apache  women  and  children  held  prisoners 
by  them ;  if  they  refused,  he  would  steal  all  the 
Mexican  women  and  children  he  could  lay  hands 
on,  and  keep  them  as  hostages,  and  would  con 
tinue  the  war  until  he  had  made  Sonora  and 
Chihuahua  a  desert.  The  women  went  on  to 
say  that  the  greatest  terror  prevailed  in  Chi 
huahua  at  the  mere  mention  of  the  name  of 
"  Hieronymo,"  whom  the  peasantry  believed  to 
be  the  devil,  sent  to  punish  them  for  their  sins. 
"  Hieronyrno "  had  killed  the  Mexican  sol 
diers  with  rocks,  telling  his  warriors  he  had  no 
ammunition  to  waste  upon  Mexicans.  The 
women  had  suffered  incredible  torture  climbing 
the  rough  skirts  of  lofty  ranges,  fording  deep 
streams  of  icy- cold  water,  and  breaking  through 
morasses,  jungles  and  forests.  Their  garments 
had  been  rent  into  rags  by  briars  and  brambles, 
feet  and  ankles  scratched,  torn,  and  swollen  by 
contusions  from  sharp  rocks.  They  said  that 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  93 

when  "  Hieronymo  "  had  returned  to  the  heart 
of  the  mountains,  and  had  come  upon  one  of 
our  lately  abandoned  camps,  his  dismay  was 
curious  to  witness.  The  Chiricahuas  with  him 
made  a  hurried  but  searching  examination  of 
the  neighborhood,  satisfied  themselves  that  their 
enemies — the  Americans — had  gained  access  to 
their  strongholds,  and  that  they  had  with  them 
a  multitude  of  Apache  scouts,  and  then  started 
away  in  the  direction  of  our  present  bivouac, 
paying  no  further  heed  to  the  captured  women 
or  to  the  hundreds  of  stolen  stock  they  were 
driving  away  from  Chihuahua.  It  may  be  well 
to  anticipate  a  little,  and  say  that  the  cattle  in 
question  drifted  out  on  the  back  trail,  getting 
into  the  foot-hills  and  falling  into  the  hands  of 
the  Mexicans  in  pursuit,  who  claimed  their 
usual  wonderful  "victory."  The  women  did 
not  dare  to  turn  back,  and,  uncertain  what 
course  to  pursue,  stayed  quietly  by  the  half -dead 
embers  of  our  old  camp-fires,  gathering  up  a 
few  odds  and  ends  of  rags  with  which  to  cover 
their  nakedness ;  and  of  castaway  food,  which 
they  devoured  with  the  voracity  of  famished 
wolves.  When  morning  dawned  they  arose, 


94  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

half  frozen,  from  the  couches  they  had  made, 
'and  staggered  along  in  the  direction  taken  by 
the  fleeing  Chiricahuas,  whom,  as  already  nar 
rated,  they  followed  to  where  they  now  were. 

And  now  they  were  free  !  Great  God ! 
Could  it  be  possible  ? 

The  gratitude  of  these  poor,  ignorant,  broken- 
down  creatures  welled  forth  in  praise  and  glori 
fication  to  God.  "  Praise  be  to  the  Ail-Power 
ful  God  ! "  ejaculated  one.  "  And  to  the  most 
Holy  Sacrament!"  echoed  her  companions. 
"  Thanks  to  our  Blessed  Lady  of  Guadalupe  !  " 
u  And  to  the  most  Holy  Mary,  Virgin  of  Sole- 
dad,  who  has  taken  pity  upon  us  !  "  It  brought 
tears  to  the  eyes  of  the  stoutest  veterans  to 
witness  this  line  of  unfortunates,  reminding  us 
of  our  mothers,  wives,  sisters,  and  daughters. 
All  possible  kindness  and  attention  were  shown 
them. 

The  reaction  came  very  near  upsetting  two, 
who  became  hysterical  from  over-excitement, 
and  could  not  be  assured  that  the  Chiricahuas 
were  not  going  to  take  them  away.  They  did 
not  recover  their  natural  composure  until  the 
expedition  had  crossed  the  boundary  line. 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  95 

"  Hieronymo "  liad  another  interview  with 
General  Crook,  whom  he  assured  he  wanted  to 
make  a  peace  to  last  forever.  General  Crook 
replied  that  "Hieronymo"  had  waged  such 
bloody  war  upon  our  people  and  the  Mexicans 
that  he  did  not  care  to  let  him  go  back  to  San 
Carlos;  a  howl  would  be  raised  against  any 
man  who  dared  to  grant  terms  to  an  outlaw  for 
whose  head  two  nations  clamored.  If  "  Hier 
onymo  "  were  willing  to  lay  down  his  arms  and 
go  to  work  at  farming,  General  Crook  would 
allow  him  to  go  back ;  otherwise  the  best  thing 
he  could  do  would  be  to  remain  just  where  he 
was  and  fight  it  out. 

"  I  am  not  taking  your  arms  from  you,"  said 
the  General,  "because  I  am  not  afraid  of  you 
with  them.  You  have  been  allowed  to  go 
about  camp  freely,  merely  to  let  you  see  that 
we  have  strength  enough  to  exterminate  you  if 
we  want  to  ;  and  you  have  seen  with  your  own 
eyes  how  many  Apaches  are  fighting  on  our 
side  and  against  you.  In  making  peace  with 
the  Americans,  you  must  also  be  understood  as 
making  peace  with  the  Mexicans,  and  also  that 
you  are  not  to  be  fed  in  idleness,  but  set  to 


96  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

work  at  farming  or  herding,  and  make  your 
own  living. ;' 

"Hieronymo,"  in  his  reply,  made  known  his 
contempt  for  the  Mexicans,  asserted  that  he 
had  whipped  them  every  time,  and  in  the  last 
fio-ht  with  them  hadn't  lost  a  man.  He  would 

O 

go  to  the  San  Carlos  with  General  Crook  and 
work  at  farming  or  anything  else.  All  he  asked 
for  was  fair  play.  He  contended  that  it  was 
unfair  to  start  back  to  the  San  Carlos  at  that 
time,  when  his  people  were  scattered  like  quail, 
and  when  the  women  and  children  now  in  our 
hands  were  without  food  or  means  of  trans 
portation.  The  old  and  the  little  ones  could 
not  walk.  The  Chiricahuas  had  many  ponies 
and  donkeys  grazing  in  the  different  caiions. 
Why  not  remain  one  week  longer?  "Loco" 
and  all  the  other  Chiricahuas  would  then  have 
arrived ;  all  the  ponies  would  be  gathered  up ; 
a  plenty  of  mescal  and  pony-meat  on  hand,  and 
the  march  could  be  made  securely  and  safely. 
But  if  General  Crook  left  the  Sierra  Madre,  the 
Mexicans  would  come  in  to  catch  and  kill  the 
remnant  of  the  band,  with  whom  "  Hieronymo," 
would  cast  his  fortunes. 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  97 

General  Crook  acknowledged  the  justice  of 
much  which  "  Hieronymo "  had  said,  but  de 
clined  to  take  any  action  not  in  strict  accord 
with  the  terms  of  the  convention.  He  would 
now  move  back  slowly,  so  as  not  to  crowd  the 
young  and  feeble  too  much  ;  they  should  have 
time  to  finish  roasting  mescal,  and  most  of  those 
now  out  could  catch  up  with  the  column ;  but 
those  who  did  not  would  have  to  take  the 
chances  of  reaching  San  Carlos  in  safety. 

"  Hieronymo  "  reiterated  his  desire  for  peace ; 
said  that  he  himself  would  start  out  to  gather 
and  bring  in  the  remnants  of  his  people,  and 
he  would  cause  the  most  diligent  search  to  be 
made  for  Charlie  McComas.  If  possible,  he 
would  join  the  Americans  before  they  got  out 
of  the  Sierra  Madre.  If  not,  he  would  make 
his  way  to  the  San  Carlos  as  soon  as  this  could 
be  done  without  danger;  "but,"  concluded  he, 
"I  will  remain  here  until  I  have  gathered  up 
the  last  man,  woman,  and  child  of  the  Chirica- 
huas." 

All  night  long  the  Chiricahuas  and  the 
Apache  scouts  danced  together  in  sign  of  peace 
and  good-will.  The  drums  were  camp-kettles 


08  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

partly  filled  with  water  and  covered  tightly 
with  a  well-soaked  piece  of  calico.  The  drum 
sticks  were  willow  saplings  curved  into  a  lioop 
at  one  extremity.  The  beats  recorded  one  hun 
dred  to  the  minute,  and  were  the  same  dull, 
solemn  thump  which  scared  Cortes  and  his 
beleagured  followers  during  la  Noche  triste. 
No  Caucasian  would  refer  to  it  as  music; 
nevertheless,  it  had  a  fascination  all  its  own 
comparable  to  the  whirr-r-r  of  a  rattlesnake. 
And  so  the  song,  chanted  to  the  measure  of  the 
drumming,  had  about  it  a  weird  harmony  which 
held  listeners  spell-bound.  When  the  dance 
began,  two  old  hags,  white-haired  and  stiff  with 
age,  pranced  in  the  centre  of  the  ring,  warming 
up  under  the  stimulus  of  the  chorus  until  they 
became  lively  as  crickets.  With  them  were 
two  or  three  naked  boys  of  very  tender  years. 
The  ring  itself  included  as  many  as  two  hun 
dred  Indians  of  both  sexes,  whose  varied  cost 
umes  of  glittering  hues  made  a  strange  setting 
to  the  scene  as  the  dancers  shuffled  and  sang 
in  the  silvery  rays  of  the  moon  and  the  flicker 
ing  light  of  the  camp-fires. 

On  May  23,  1883,  rations  were  issued  to  220 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  99 

Chiricahuas,  and,  soon  after,  Nane,  one  of  the 
most  noted  and  influential  of  the  Chiricahua 
chiefs,  rode  into  camp  with  seventeen  of  his 
people.  He  has  a  strong  face,  marked  with  in 
telligence,  courage,  and  good  nature,  but  with 
an  under  stratum  of  cruelty  and  vindictiveness. 
He  has  received  many  wounds  in  his  countless 
fights  with  the  whites,  and  limps  very  percept 
ibly  in  one  leg.  He  reported  that  Chiricahuas 
were  coining  in  by  every  trail,  and  that  all 
would  go  to  the  San  Carlos  as  soon  as  they 
collected  their  families. 

On  the  24th  of  May  the  march  back  to  the 
San  Carlos  began.  All  the  old  Chiricahuas 
were  piled  on  mules,  donkeys,  and  ponies ;  so 
were  the  weak  little  children  and  feeble  women. 
The  great  majority  streamed  along  on  foot, 
nearly  all  wearing  garlands  of  cotton-wood 
foliage  to  screen  them  from  the  sun.  The  dis 
tance  travelled  was  not  great,  and  camp  was 
made  by  noon. 

The  scene  at  the  Bavispe  River  was  wonder 
fully  picturesque.  Sit  down  on  this  flat  rock 
and  feast  your  eyes  upon  the  silver  waves  flash 
ing  in  the  sun.  Don't  scare  that  little  girl  who 


100  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

is  about  to  give  her  baby  brother  a  much- 
needed  bath.  The  little  dusky  brat — all  eyes 
—is  looking  furtively  at  you  and  ready  to 
bawl  if  you  draw  nearer.  Opposite  are  two 
old  crones  filling  ollas  (jugs  or  jars)  of  basket- 
work,  rendered  fully  water-proof  by  a  coating 
of  either  mesquite  or  pinon  pitch.  Alongside 
of  them  are  two  others,  who  are  utilizing  the 
entrails  of  a  cow  for  the  same  purpose.  The 
splash  and  yell  on  your  right,  as  you  correctly 
divine,  come  from  an  Apache  "  Tom  Sawyer," 
who  will  one  day  mount  the  gallows.  The 
friendly  greeting  and  request  for  "  tobacco 
shmoke  "  are  proffered  by  one  of  the  boys,  -who 
has  kindly  been  eating  a  big  portion  of  your 
meals  for  several  days  past,  and  feels  so  friendly 
toward  you  that  he  announces  himself  in  a 
pleasant,  off-hand  sort  of  way  as  your  "  Sikisn  " 
(brother).  Behind  you  are  grouped  Apache 
scouts,  whose  heads  are  encircled  with  red  flan 
nel  bandages,  and  whose  rifles  and  cartridges 
are  never  laid  aside.  Horses  and  mules  plunge 
belly-deep  into  the  sparkling  current ;  soldiers 
come  and  go,  some  to  drink,  some  to  get  buck 
ets  filled  with  water,  and  some  to  soak  neck, 


APACHE  BASKET 


AN  APACHE   CAM£4t$&\! 

face,  and  hands,  before  Agoing ^  b^cfk  :tp^dm<f 
ner. 

In  this  camp  we  remained  several  days.  The 
old  and  young  squaws  had  cut  and  dried  large 
packages  of  "  jerked  "  beef,  and  had  brought 
down  from  the  hillsides  donkey -loads  of  mescal 
heads,  which  were  piled  in  ovens  of  hot  stones 
covered  with  wet  grass  and  clay.  The  process 
of  roasting,  or  rather  steaming,  mescal  takes 
from  three  to  four  days,  and  resembles  some 
what  the  mode  of  baking  clams  in  New  Eng 
land.  The  Apache  scouts  passed  the  time 
agreeably  enough  in  gambling  with  the  Chiri- 
cahuas,  whom  they  fleeced  unmercifully,  win 
ning  hundreds  of  dollars  in  gold,  silver,  and 
paper  at  the  games  of  monte,  conquien,  tzi-chis, 
and  rtiusJika. 

The  attractive  pools  of  the  Bavispe  wooed 
groups  of  white  soldiers  and  packers,  and 
nearly  the  whole  strength  of  the  Chiricahua 
women  and  children,  who  disported  in  the  re 
freshing  waters  with  the  agility  and  grace  of 
nereids  and  tritons.  The  modesty  of  the 
Apaches  of  both  sexes,  under  all  circumstances, 
is  praiseworthy. 


^  AIPACHE  CAMPAIGN'. 


ajidYfoco"  told  General  Crook 
this  morning  that  "  Hieronymo  r  had  sent  them 
back  to  say  that  the  Chiricahuas  were  very 
much  scattered  since  the  fight,  and  that  he  had 
not  been  as  successful  as  he  anticipated  in  get 
ting  them  united  and  in  corraling  their  herds  of 
ponies.  They  did  not  want  to  leave  a  single 
one  of  their  people  behind,  and  urged  General 
Crook  to  stay  in  his  present  camp  for  a  week 
longer,  if  possible.  "Loco,"  for  his  part,  ex 
pressed  himself  as  anxious  for  peace.  He  had 
never  wished  to  leave  San  Carlos.  He  wanted 
to  go  back  there  and  obtain  a  little  farm,  and 
own  cattle  and  horses,  as  he  once  did.  Here  it 
may  be  proper  to  say  that  all  the  chiefs  of  the 
Chiricahuas—"  Hieronymo,"  "  Loco,"  "  Chato," 
"Nane,"  "Bonito,"  "Chihuahua,"  "Maugas," 
"  Zele,"  and  "  Kantenne  "-  —are  men  of  notice 
able  brain  power,  physically  perfect  and  men 
tally  acute  —  just  the  individuals  to  lead  a  for 
lorn  hope  in  the  face  of  every  obstacle. 

The  Chiricahua  children,  who  had  become 
tired  of  swimming,  played  at  a  new  sport  to 
day,  a  mimic  game  of  war,  a  school  of  practice 
analogous  to  that  established  by  old  Fagan  for 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  103 

the  instruction  of  young  London  pickpockets. 
Three  boys  took  the  lead,  and  represented  Mex 
icans,  who  endeavored  to  outrun,  hide  from,  or 
elude  their  pursuers,  who  trailed  them  to  their 
covert,  surrounded  it,  and  poured  in  a  flight  of 
arrows.  One  was  left  for  dead,  stretched  upon 
the  ground,  and  the  other  two  were  seized  and 
carried  into  captivity.  The  fun  became  very 
exciting,  so  much  so  that  the  corpse,  ignoring 
the  proprieties,  raised  itself  up  to  see  how  the 
battle  sped. 

In  such  sports,  in  such  constant  exercise, 
swimming,  riding,  running  up  and  down  the 
steepest  and  most  slippery  mountains,  the 
Apache  passes  his  boyish  years.  No  wonder 
his  bones  are  of  iron,  his  sinews  of  wire,  his 
muscles  of  India-rubber. 

On  May  27,  1883,  the  Chiricahuas  had  fin- 
ished  roasting  enough  mescal  to  last  them  to 
the  San  Carlos.  One  of  the  Apache  scouts 
came  running  in  very  much  excited.  He  told 
his  story  to  the  effect  that,  while  hunting  some 
distance  to  the  north,  he  had  discovered  a  large 
body  of  Mexican  soldiers ;  they  were  driving 
back  the  band  of  cattle  run  off  by  "Hieron- 


104  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

ymo,"  and  previously  referred  to.  The  scout 
tried  to  communicate  with  the  Mexicans,  who 
imagined  him  to  be  a  hostile  Indian,  and  fired 
three  shots  at  him.  Lieutenant  Forsyth,  Al. 
Zeiber,  and  a  small  detachment  of  white  and 
Indian  soldiers  started  out  to  overtake  the 
Mexicans.  This  they  were  unable  to  do,  al 
though  they  went  some  fifteen  miles. 

On  the  28th,  29th,  and  30th  of  May  the 
march  was  continued  back  toward  the  San 
Carlos.  The  rate  of  progress  was  very  slow, 
the  Mexican  captives  not  being  able  to  ride 
any  great  distance  along  the  rough  trails,  and 
several  of  our  men  being  sick.  Two  of  the 
scouts  were  so  far  gone  with  pneumonia  that 
their  death  was  predicted  every  hour,  in  spite 
of  the  assurances  of  the  "  medicine-men  "  that 
their  incantations  would  bring  them  through  all 
right.  "Hieronymo,"  "  Chato,"  "  Kan-tenneY 
and  "  Chihuahua  r  came  back  late  on  the  night 
of  the  2  8thr  leading  a  large  body  of  116  of 
their  people,  making  an  aggregate  of  384  in 
camp  on  the  29th. 

On  the  30th,  after  a  march,  quite  long  under 
the  circumstaDces, — fifteen  to  eighteen  miles,— 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  105 

we  crossed  the  main  "divide"  of  the  Sierra 
Madre  at  an  altitude  of  something  over  8,000 
feet.  The  pine  timber  was  large  and  dense, 
and  much  of  it  on  fire,  the  smoke  and  heat 
parching  our  throats,  and  blackening  our  faces. 

With  this  pine  grew  a  little  mescal  and  a 
respectable  amount  of  the  madrorla,  or  moun 
tain  mahogany.  Two  or  three  deer  were  killed 
by  the  Apache  scouts,  and  as  many  turkeys ; 
trout  were  visible  in  all  the  streams.  The  line 
of  march  was  prolific  in  mineral  formations,— 
basalt,  lava,  sandstone,  granite,  and  limestone. 
The  day  the  command  descended  the  Chihua 
hua  side  of  the  range  it  struck  the  trail  of  a 
large  body  of  Mexican  troops,  and  saw  an  in 
scription  cut  into  the  bark  of  a  mahogany  stat 
ing  that  the  Eleventh  Battalion  had  been  here 
on  the  21st  of  May. 

The  itinerary  of  the  remainder  of  the  home 
ward  march  may  be  greatly  condensed.  The 
line  of  travel  lay  on  the  Chihuahua  side  and 
close  to  the  summit  of  the  range.  The  coun 
try  was  extremely  rough,  cut  up  with  rocky 
canons  beyond  number  and  ravines  of  great 
depth,  all  flowing  with  water.  Pine  forests  cov- 


106  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

ered  all  the  elevated  ridges,  but  the  canons  and 
lower  foothills  had  vegetation  of  a  different 
character :  oak,  juniper,  maple,  willow,  rose,  and 
blackberry  bushes,  and  strawberry  vines.  The 
weather  continued  almost  as  previously  de 
scribed, — the  days  clear  and  serene,  the  nights 
bitter  cold,  with  ice  forming  in  pails  and  ket 
tles  on  the  2d  and  3d  of  June.  No  storms 
worthy  of  mention  assailed  the  command,  the 
sharp  showers  that  fell  two  or  three  times  be 
ing  welcomed  as  laying  the  soot  and  dust. 

Game  was  found  in  abundance, — deer  and 
turkey.  This  the  Apache  scouts  were  per 
mitted  to  shoot  and  catch,  to  eke  out  the 
rations  which  had  completely  failed,  the  last 
issue  being  made  June  4th.  From  that  date 
till  June  llth,  inclusive,  all  hands  lived  upon 
the  country.  The  Apaches  improved  the  ex 
cellent  opportunity  to  show  their  skill  as 
hunters  and  their  accuracy  with  fire-arms. 

The  command  was  threatened  by  a  great 
prairie  fire  on  coming  down  into  the  broad 
grassy  valley  of  the  Janos.  Under  the  im 
petus  of  a  fierce  wind  the  flames  were  rushing 
upon  camp.  There  was  not  a  moment  to  be 


AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  107 

lost.  All  hands  turned  out, — soldiers,  scouts, 
squaws,  Chiricahua  warriors,  and  even  children. 
Each  bore  a  branch  of  willow  or  cotton-wood, 
a  blanket,  or  scrap  of  canvas.  The  conflagra 
tion  had  already  seized  •  the  hill-crest  nearest 
our  position ;  brownish  and  gray  clouds  poured 
skyward  in  compact  masses;  at  their  feet  a 
long  line  of  scarlet  flame  flashed  and  leaped 
high  in  air.  It  was  a  grand,  a  terrible  sight : 
in  front  was  smiling  nature,  behind,  ruin  and 
desolation.  The  heat  created  a  vacuum,  and 
the  air,  pouring  in,  made  whirlwinds,  which 
sent  the  black  funnels  of  soot  winding  and 
twisting  with  the  symmetry  of  hour-glasses 
almost  to  the  zenith.  For  one  moment  the 
line  of  fire  paused,  as  if  to  rest  after  gaining 
the  hill-top ;  it  was  only  a  moment.  "  Here  she 
comes ! "  yelled  the  men  on  the  left ;  and  like 
a  wild  beast  flinging  high  its  tawny  mane  of 
cloud  and  flashing  its  fangs  of  flame,  the  fire 
was  upon,  around,  and  about  us. 

Our  people  stood  bravely  up  to  their  work, 
and  the  swish  !  swish !  swish  !  of  willow  brooms 
proved  that  camp  was  not  to  be  surrendered 
without  a  struggle. 


108  AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN. 

We  won  the  day;  that  is,  we  saved  camp, 
herds,  and  a  small  area  of  pasturage ;  but  over 
a  vast  surface  of  territory  the  ruthless  flames 
swept,  mantling  the  land  with  soot  and  an 
opaque  pall  of  mist  and  smoke  through  which 
the  sun's  rays  could  not  penetrate.  Several 
horses  and  mules  were  badly  burned,  but  none 
to  death. 

For  two  or  three  nights  afterwards  the  hori 
zon  was  gloriously  lighted  with  lines  of  fire 
creeping  over  the  higher  ridges.  As  we  de 
bouched  into  the  broad  plain,  through  which 
trickled  the  shriveled  current  of  the  Janos,  no 
one  would  have  suspected  that  we  were  not  a 
column  of  Bedouins.  A  long  caravan,  stretched 
out  for  a  mile  upon  the  trail,  resolved  itself 
upon  closer  approach  into  a  confused  assem 
blage  of  ponies,  horses,  and  mules,  with  bundles 
or  without,  but  in  every  case  freighted  with 
humanity.  Children  were  packed  by  twos  and 
threes,  while  old  women  and  feeble  men  got 
along  as  best  they  could,  now  riding,  now  walk 
ing.  The  scouts  had  decked  themselves  with 
paint  and  the  Chiricahua  women  had  donned 
all  their  finery  of  rough  silver  bracelets,  wooden 


AJST  APACHE  CAMPAIGN.  109 

crosses,  and  saints'  pictures  captured  from  Mex 
icans.  This  undulating  plain,  in  which  we  now 
found  ourselves,  spread  far  to  the  north  and 
east,  and  was  covered  with  bunch  and  grama 
grasses,  and  dotted  with  cedar.  -  The  march 
brought  us  to  Alisos  Creek  (an  affluent  of  the 
Janos),  a  thousand  yards  or  more  above  the 
spot  where  the  Mexican  commander  Garcia, 
had  slaughtered  so  many  Chiricahua  women 
and  children.  Human  bones,  picked  white  and 
clean  by  coyotes,  glistened  in  the  sandy  bed  of 
the  stream.  Apache  baskets  and  other  furni 
ture  were  strewn  about.  A  clump  of  graves 
headed  by  rude  crosses  betrayed  the  severity  of 
the  loss  inflicted  upon  the  Mexicans. 

Between  the  5th  and  8th  of  June  we  crossed 
back  (west)  into  Sonora,  going  over  the  asper- 
ous  peak  known  as  the  Cocospera. 

In  this  vicinity  were  many  varieties  of  mine 
ral — granite  gneiss,  porphyry,  conglomerate, 
shale,  sandstone,  and  quartz, — and  travel  was 
as  difficult  almost  as  it  had  been  in  the  earlier 
days  of  the  march.  We  struck  the  head  waters 
of  Pitisco  Creek,  in  a  very  rugged  canon,  then 
Elias  Creek,  going  through  another  fine  game 


110  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

region,  and  lastly,  after  crossing  a  broad  table 
land  mantled  with  grama  grass,  mesquite,  Span 
ish  bayonet,  and  Palo  Verde,  mescal,  and  palm- 
ilia,  bivouacked  on  the  San  Bernardino  river, 
close  to  a  tule  swamp  of  blue,  slimy  mud. 

The  scouts  plastered  their  heads  with  this 
mud,  and  dug  up  the  bulbs  of  the  tule,  which, 
when  roasted,  are  quite  palatable. 

On  the  15th  of  June  the  command  recrossed 
the  national  boundary,  and  reached  Silver 
Springs,  Arizona,  the  camp  of  the  reserve  under 
Colonel  Biddle,  from  whom  and  from  all  of 
whose  officers  and  men  we  received  the  warmest 
conceivable  welcome.  Every  disaster  had  been 
predicted  and  asserted  regarding  the  column, 
from  which  no  word  had  come,  directly  or  in 
directly  since  May  5th.  The  Mexican  captives 
were  returned  to  their  own  country  and  the 
Chiricahuas  marched,  under  Crawford,  to  the 
San  Carlos  Agency. 

Unfortunately  the  papers  received  at  Silver 
Springs  were  full  of  inflammatory  telegrams, 
stating  that  the  intention  of  the  government 
^was  to  hang  all  the  Chiricahua  men,  without 
distinction,  and  to  parcel  out  the  women  and 


AN  APACHE   CAMPAIGN.  Ill 

children  among  tribes  in  the  Indian  Territory. 
This  news,  getting  among  the  Chiricahuas,  pro 
duced  its  legitimate  result.  Several  of  the 
chiefs  and  many  of  the  head  men  hid  back  in 
the  mountains  until  they  could  learn  exactly 
what  was  to  be  their  fate.  The  Mexican  troops 
went  in  after  them,  and  had  two  or  three  severe 
engagements,  and  were,  of  course,  whipped  each 
time.  When  the  road  was  clear  the  Chiricahuas 
kept  their  promises  to  the  letter,  and  brought 
to  the  San  Carlos  the  last  man,  woman,  and 
child  of  their  people. 

They  have  been  quietly  scattered  in  small 
groups  around  the  reservation,  the  object  being 
to  effect  tribal  disintegration,  to  bring  individ 
uals  and  families  face  to  face  with  the  progress 
made  by  more  peaceable  Apaches,  and  at  same 
time  to  enable  trusted  members  of  the  latter 
bands  to  maintains  more  perfect  surveillance 
over  every  action  of  the  Chiricahuas. 

Charlie  McComas  was  never  found ;  the  Chir 
icahuas  insist,  and  I  think  truthfully,  that  he 
was  in  the  rancheria  destroyed  by  Crawford ; 
that  he  escaped,  terror-stricken,  to  the  depths 
of  the  mountains;  that  the  country  was  so 


112  AN  APACHE  CAMPAIGN. 

rough,  the  timber  and  brush- wood  so  thick  that 
his  tracks  could  not  be  followed,  even  had  there 
not  been  such  a  violent  fall  of  rain  during  the 
succeeding  nights.  All  accounts  agree  in  this. 
Altogether  the  Chiricahuas  delivered  up 
thirteen  captives, — women  and  children, — held 
by  them  as  hostages. 


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"  Scribner's  f  Campaigns  of  the  Civil  War  >  are  probably  the 
ablest  and  most  striking  account  of  the  late  war  that  has  yet  been 
written.  Choosing  the  flower  of  military  authors,  the  publishers 
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THE  CAMPAIGNS 

OF 

THE  CIVIL  WAR 

13  VOLUMES,  CLOTH.   WITH  MAPS  AND  PLANS. 
Price   per   Volume,    $1.OO ;    per    Set,    $12.6O. 


A  series  of  volumes,  contributed  by  a  number 
of  leading  actors  in  and  students  of  the  great 
conflict  of  i86i-'65,  with  a  view  to  bringing 
together,  for  the  first  time,  a  full  and  authorita 
tive  military  history  of  the  suppression  of  the 
Rebellion. 

The  volumes  are  duodecimos  of  about  250 
pages  each,  illustrated  by  maps  and  plans  pre 
pared  under  the  direction  of  the  authors. 


l.—The  Outbreak  of  Rebellion.  By  JOHN  G.  NICOLAY, 
Esq.,  Private  Secretary  to  President  Lincoln;  late  Consul- 
General  to  France,  etc. 

A  preliminary  volume,  describing   the  opening  of  the  war,  and  covering  the 
period  from  the  election  of  Lincoln  to  the  end  of  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run. 


t I.— From  Fort  Henry  to  Corinth.  By  the  Hon.  M. 
F.  FORCE,  Justice  of  the  Superior  Court,  Cincinnati!;  late 
Brigadier -General  and  Bvl.  Maj.  Gen'l,  U.S.V.,  commanding 
First  Division,  I7th  Corps:  in  1862,  Lieut.  Colonel  of  ihe 
2Oth  Ohio,  commanding  the  regiment  at  Shiloh  ;  Treasurer  of 
the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee. 

The  narrative  of  events  in  the  West  from  the  Summer  of  1861  to  May,  1862 
revering  the  capture  of  Fts.  Henry  and  Donelson,  the  Battle  of  Shiloh,  etc.,  etc. 

/ II.— The  Peninsula.  By  ALEXANDER  S.  WEBB,  LL.D., 
President  of  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York  :  Assistant 
Chief  of  Artillery,  Army  of  ihe  Potomac,  iS6i-'62  ;  Inspector 
General  Fifth  Army  Corps;  General  commanding  2d  Div., 
ad  Corps;  Major  General  Assigned,  and  Chief  of  Staff,  Army 
of  the  Potomac. 

The  history  of  McClellan's  Peninsula  Campaign,  from  his  appointment  to  the 
e  id  of  the  Seven  Days'  Fight 

If. — The  Army  under  Pope.  By  JOHN  C.  ROPES,  Esq., 
of  the  Military  Historical  Society  of  Massachusetts,  the  Massa 
chusetts  Historical  Society,  etc. 

From  the  appointment  of  Pope  to  command  the  Army  of  Virginia,  to  the  appoint 
ment  of  McClellan  to  the  general  command  in  September,  1862 

V. — The  Antiefam  and  Frederickslntr<f  By  FRANCIS 
WINTHROP  PALFREY,  Bvt.-  Brigadier  Gen'l,  U.  S.V.,  and  form 
erly  Colonel  2oth  Mass.  Infantry ;  Lieut.  Col  of  the  2Oth 
Massachusetts  at  the  Battle  of  the  Antietam  ;  Member  oi 
the  Military  Historical  Society  of  Massachusetls,  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Historical  Society,  etc. 

From  the  appointment  of  McClellan  to  the  general  command,  September,  1862,  to 
the  end  of  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg. 

PX— Chancellor  sville  and  Gettysburg.  By  ABNER 
DOUBLEDAY,  Bvt.  Maj.  Gen'l,  U.S.A.,  and  Maj.  Gen'i, 
U.S.  V.  ;  commanding  the  First  Corps  at  Gettysburg,  etc. 

From  the  appointment  of  Hooker,  through  the  campaigns  of  Chancellorsville  and 
Gettysburg,  to  the  retreat  of  Lee  after  the  latter  battle. 

VII.—  The  Arnw  of  tire  Cumberland.  By  HENRY  M. 
CIST,  Brevet  Brig.  Gen'l  U.S.V.  ;  A.A.G.  on  the  staff  of 
Major  Gen'l  Rosecrans.  and  afterwards  on  that  of  Major  Gen'l 
Thomas  ;  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Society  of  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland. 

From  the  formation  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  to  the  end  of  the  battles  af 
Chattanooga,  November,  1863. 


VIII.— The    Mississippi.      By  FRANCIS  VINTON  GREENE, 

Lieut,  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army  ;  late  Military  Attache  to  the 
U  S.  Legation  in  St.  Petersburg;  Author  of  "The  Russian 
Army  and  its  Campaigns  in  Turkey  in  1877-78,"  and  ot 
44  Army  Life  in  Russia." 

An  account  of  the  operations — especially  at  Vicksburg  and  Port  Hudson—by 
which  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  shores  were  restored  to  the  control  of  the  Union. 

IX. — Atlanta.  By  the  Hon.  JACOB  D.  Cox,  Ex- Governor  of 
Ohio ;  late  Secretary  of  the  Interior  of  the  United  States ; 
Major  General  U.  S.V.,  commanding  Twenty-third  Corps 
during  the  campaigns  of  Atlanta  and  the  Carolinas,  etc. ,  etc. 

From  Sherman's  first  advance  into  Georgia  in  May,  1864,  to  the  beginning  of 
the  March  to  the  Sea. 

X,  -TJie  March  fo  the  Sea— Franklin  and  Nashville 

By  the  Hon.  JACOB  D.  Cox. 

From  the  beginning  of  the  March  to  the  Sea  to  the  surrender  of  Johnston- 
including  also  the  operations  of  Thomas  in  Tennessee. 

XI.— The  Shenandoah  Valley  in  1864.  The  Cam 
paign  of  Sheridan.  By  GEORGE  E.  POND,  Esq.,  Asso 
ciate  Editor  of  the  Army  and  Navy  Journal. 

XII.— The  Virginia  Campaign  of>64  and  965.  TJie 
Army  of  the  Potomac  and  the  Army  of  the 
James.  By  ANDREW  A.  HUMPHREYS,  Brigadier  General 
and  Bvt.  Major  General,  U.  S.  A.  ;  late  Chief  of  Engineers; 
Chief  of  Staff,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  1863-64;  commanding 
Second  Corps,  1864-' 65,  etc.,  etc. 

Statistical  Hecord  of  the  Armies  of  the  United 
States.  By  FREDERICK  PHISTERER,  late  Captain  U.  S.  A. 

This  Record  includes  the  figures  of  the  quotas  and  men  actually  furnished  by 
all  States;  a  list  of  all  organizations  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service;  the  strength 
of  the  army  at  various  periods  ;  its  organization  in  armies,  corps,  etc.;  the  divisions 
of  the  country  into  departments,  etc.;  chronological  list  of  all  engagements,  with  the 
losses  in  each  ;  tabulated  statements  of  all  losses  in  the  war,  with  the  causes  of 
death,  etc.;  full  lists  of  all  general  officers,  and  an  immense  amount  of  other  valuable 
statistical  matter  relating  to  the  War. 


The  complete  Set,  thirteen  volumes,  in  a  box.     Price,  $12.50 
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THE 

Navy  in  the  Civil  War 

I -THE  BLOCKADE  AND  THE  CRUISERS. 

By  Professor  J.  RUSSELL  SOLEY,  U.  S.  Navy. 

"The  book  is  well  arranged,  written  clearly,  without  technical  terms, 
and  shows  great  familiarity  with  the  subject.  It  is  marked  by  thoroughness 
of  preparation,  sound  judgment,  and  admirable  impartiality.  It  is  a  promis 
ing  beginning  of  the  projected  series  ;  and  if  the  other  volumes  prove 
worthy  of  this,  they  will  make  a  valuable  addition  to  the  Army  series, 
which  has  proved  so  useful  and  popular." — The  Nation. 

II -THE  ATLANTIC  COAST. 

By  Real-Admiral  DANIEL  AMMEN,  U.  S.  Navy. 

Admiral  Ammen's  history  of  the  naval  operations  on  the  Atlantic 
coast,  from  1861  to  the  close  of  the  war,  describes  the  active  work  of  the 
navy  in  attacking  the  defensive  strongholds  of  the  Confederacy  from 
Hampton  Roads  to  Florida  Keys.  It  includes  a  full  account  of  the  long 
siege  of  Charleston,  and  the  scarcely  less  arduous  operations  against 
Fort  Fisher,  the  capture  of  Hatteras  Inlet,  Roanoke  Island  and  Newbern, 
and  other  minor  movements  along  the  coast. 

Ill -THE  GULF  AND  INLAND  WATERS. 

By  Commander  A.  T.  MAHAN,  U.  S.  Navy. 

The  achievements  of  the  Naval  force  on  the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries, 
and  on  the  Gulf  and  the  Red  River,  either  independently  or  in  co-oper 
ation  with  the  Army,  form  one  of  the  most  thrilling  chapters  in  the  history 
of  the  Civil  War.  The  exploits  of  Farragut,  Foote  and  Porter,  with  their 
gallant  crews  and  improvised  vessels,  teem  with  acts  of  daring,  marvelous 
escapes,  and  terrific  encounters.  Commander  Mahan  has  done  full  justice 
to  this  side  of  his  narrative,  but  he  has  given  at  the  same  time  a  record  of 
this  part  of  the  war  that  has  greater  claims  to  historic  value  than  any  which 
have  preceded  it. 

Each  One  Volume,    1  2mo,  with    Maps  and    Plans. 

Price  per  Volume,   $I.OO. 


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THE   MOST  ATTRACTIVE   WORK    ON    YACHTING 
EVER   ISSUED! 


AMERICAN  YACHTS 


PLATES    BY 

Frederic  S,  Cozzens, 


TEXT    BY 

J.D.J.  Kelley,  Lieut.  U.SJ, 


LIST   OF  SUBJECTS: 


IV. 

v. 

VI. 
VII. 

VIII. 
IX. 

X. 

XI. 
XII. 

XIII. 


The  Early  Racers. 

Sandy  Hook  to  the  Needles — 
1866. 

An  Old  Rendezvous  —  New 
London. 

Off  Bremen's  Reef. 

Rounding  the  Light  Ship. 

The  Finish  off  Staten  Island— 
1870. 

In  the  Narrows  —  A  Black 
Squall. 

Running  Out — New  Bedford. 

Off  Soundings — A  Smoky  Sou' 
wester. 

Robbins  Reef— Sunset. 

Around  the  Cape — Marblehead. 

Over  the  Cape  May  Course — 
1873- 

By  Sou'west  Spit. 


XIV. 


Moonlight        on 
Shoals. 


Nantucket 


XV.  Lying-To  off  George's  Banks. 
XVI.  A    Stern   Chase   and    a   Long 

One— 1876. 

XVII.  A  Breezy  Day  Outside. 
XVIII.  Crossing  the  Line— New  York 

Bay. 

XIX.  Minot's  Ledge  Light. 
XX.  For  the  America's   Cup— 1881 

—The  Start. 

XXI.  A  Misty  Morning — Drifting. 
XXII.  In  Down  East  Waters— Boston 

Bay. 
XXIII.  Before    the   Wind  — Newport, 


XXIV. 
XXV. 
XXVI. 


Under  the  Palisades. 

Ice  Boating  on  the  Hudson. 

Signal  Chart. 


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The  Question  of  Skips* 

By  Lieut.  J.  D.  J.  KELLEY,  U.S.N. 


i  Vol.     I2mo.    $1.25. 


"  Lieut.  Kelley  here  writes  of  a  subject  with  which  he 
is  professionally  familiar.  He  explains  a  great  many 
things  about  the  American  navy  and  merchant  marine 
which  are  necessarily  unknown  to  most  landsmen.  Like 
every  other  intelligent  and  disinterested  examiner  of 
'The  Question  of  Ships,'  Lieutenant  Kelley  is  strongly 
impressed  with  the  injustice  and  absurdity  of  the  old 
navigation  laws  and  demands  their  repeal.  He  regards 
free  trade  in  ships  as  the  principal  means  of  uplifting 
American  commerce  from  the  slough  into  which  it  has 
fallen.  The  book  is  an  accurate  and  extremely  useful 
compendium  of  facts  and  figures  relating  to  subjects 
about  which  light  is  particularly  wanted  in  Congress.  It 
is  a  storehouse  of  arguments  for  the  use  of  friends  of 
free  ships." — Journal  of  Commerce ,  N.  Y. 


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THE  AMERICA'S  CUP: 

HOW  IT  WAS  WON  BY  THE  YACHT  AMERICA  IN   1851 
AND  HOW  IT  HAS  BEEN  SINCE  DEFENDED. 


BY  CAPT.  ROLAND  F.  COFFIN, 


Author  of  "  Sailors'  Yarns," 


1  Archibald  the  Cat," 
Etc ,  Etc. 


How  Old  Wiggins  Wore  Ship, 


I  vol.,  I2mo.     With  Illustrations.     Paper,  500.     Cloth,  $1.00. 

A  history  of  all  the  races  since  1851  for  the  possess'on  of  the  trophy, 
the  emblem  of  the  yachting  supremacy  of  the  world — commonly  calle  1 
the  Queen's  Cup — with  an  account  of  the  English  yachts  Genesta  and 
Galatea,  entered  for  the  races  to  be  sailed  in  September,  1885,  for  the 
possession  of  this  most  coveted  prize.  Also  descr  p  ions  of  the  yachts 
rriscilla  and  Puritan.  There  are  twelve  full  page  illustrations  from 
d  awings  by  Frederick  S.  Cozzens,  an  engraving  of  the  cup  and  a  re \  re 
duction  of  John  Leech's  cartoon  published  in  London  Punch  after  the 
remarkable  victory  of  the  America  in  1851. 


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"  I  think  Mr.  Qualtrough's  Book  -very  -valuable  to  every  young  officer \ 
to  yachtsman,  and  to  all  who  J  allow  the  sea.  The  material  is  carefully  pre 
pared,  "well  arranged  and  very  vseful  to  all  interested  in  maritime  matters."— 
C.  R.  P.  RODGERS,  Rear-Admiral. 


THE  SAILOR'S  HANDY  BOOK 

AND 

YACHTSMAN'S  MANUAL. 

By  E.  F.  QU ALTHOUGH,  Master,  U.  S.  Navy 

WITH  COLORED  PLATES,  AND  MANY  ILLUSTRATIONS, 
I  vol.,  Square  i6mo,   620  pages.     Blue  roan,  red  edges.      Price,  $3.50. 


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very  large  class  of  Americans  who  are  interested  in  yachting 
or  in  some  form  of  seamanship,  have  hitherto  lacked  one  con 
venience — almost  a  necessity,  indeed.  There  has  been  no  one 
book  which,  not  aiming  to  replace  abstruse  scientific  and  theo 
retical  treatises  on  seamanship,  should  bring  together  in  a  con 
venient  form  the  really  practical  knowledge  necessary  for  a 
sailor ;  which  should  give  him,  immediately  at  hand,  a  compen 
dium  of  those  thousand  details  prompt  and  thorough  acquain 
tance  with  which  makes  the  difference  between  the  good  and 
the  incompetent  seaman. 

This  want  Lieutenant  Qualtrough,  of  the  United  States 
Navy,  has  now  filled  by  a  book  which  is  the  most  exhaustive 
and  practical  that  could  be  planned.  Its  completeness  can  best 
be  understood  by  a  summary  of  its  contents ;  and  its  publishers 
announce  with  pleasure  what  they  believe  will  be  a  standard 
work  among  American  sailors  for  many  years  to  come. 


Sent,  post-paid,  on  receipt  of  price,  by 

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"  It  is  admirably  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  seaman,  and  should  find  a  place 
on  board  every  A  me-rican  ship.  The  Light-house  Board  thinks  so  highly  of  it  that 
a  copy  of  it  has  been  supplied  to  ecah  of  its  vessels  in  commission" — COMMANDER 
GEORGE  DEWEY,  U.  S.  N.,  Naval  Secretary  L.  H.  Board. 


ARMY  LIFE  IN  RUSSIA. 

By    F.    V.    GREENE, 

LIEUTENANT  OF  ENGINEERS,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY, 

Late  Military  Attache  to  the   U.  S.  Legation  in  St.  Petersburg^  and  author  o) 
"  The  Russian  Army  and  its  Campaigns  in  Turkey  in  1877-78." 


One  Volume,  12mo,     ....    $1.50. 

Lieutenant  Greene's  opportunities  for  general  as  well  as  technical 
observation  while  with  the  Russian  army  in  Turkey  were  such  as  have 
perhaps  never  fallen  to  any  other  student  of  the  war.  The  story  of  this 
personal  experience  is  embodied  in  this  volume,  which  contains  most 
vigorous  and  vivid  descriptions  of  battle  scenes,  in  the  chapters  on  the 
Shipka  Pass,  Plevna,  and  in  the  very  strong  and  excellent  chapter  on  the 
winter  campaign  across  the  Balkans  with  Gourko.  The  chapters  on  the 
Tsar  and  the  Russian  generals,  and  the  sections  devoted  to  the  Russian 
soldier,  to  St.  Petersburg,  and  the  army  life  of  the  Russian  at  home,  are  of 
absorbing  interest. 


"  His  sketches  are  excellently  well  done,  graphic,  evidently  not  exaggerated,  and 
very  readable.  It  is  a  book  that  will  be  read  with  pleasure,  and  one  that  contain!  a 
great  deal  of  information." — Hartford  Courant. 

"This  volume  is  in  every  way  an  admirable  picture  of  army  life  in  Russia.  It  is 
clear,  concise,  discriminating,  and  often  very  picturesque.  The  author,  besides  pos 
sessing  an  excellent  style,  is  extremely  modest,  and  there  are  very  few  books  of  travel 
in  which  the  first  person  is  kept  so  absolutely  in  the  background." — International 
Review. 

"  Lieutenant  Greene  writes  in  a  soldierly  way,  unaffected,  straightforward,  and 
graphic,  and,  though  he  has  a  keen  eye  for  the  picturesque,  never  sacrifices  to  rhetoric 
the  absolute  truthfulness  so  eminently  to  be  desired  in  a  narrative  of  this  sort. — New 
York  World. 

"  He  was  with  the  Russian  army  throughout  the  campaign,  enjoying  perfect  free 
dom  of  movement,  having  every  opportunity  to  visit  the  points  of  greatest  activity,  and 
to  see  the  operations  of  greatest  moment,  in  company  with  the  officers  who  conducted 
them.  His  book  is,  therefore,  for  all  the  purposes  of  ordinary  readers,  a  complete  and 
satisfactory  history  of  the  war,  founded  upon  intimate  personal  knowledge  of  its  events, 
and  of  its  spirit.  It  is  a  work  of  the  rarest  interest  and  of  unusual  merit." — New  York 
Evening  Post. 

"It  is  most  fortunate  for  the  reputation  of  our  country  and  our  army  that  we  had 
such  an  officer  to  send  to  the  far-away  land  of  Turkey  in  Europe,  and  most  creditable  to 
our  War  Department  that  it  sent  such  a  man.  His  book  deseves  to  be  universally  read, 
and  we  are  sure  that  no  person  whom  these  lines  may  lead  to  purchase  it  will  fail  to 
rejoice  that  they  have  been  written." — The  Nation. 


*V*  For    sale  by    all   booksellers,  or    sent,  post-paid,  upon    rectipt   o) 
jrice,  by 

CHARLES   SCRIBNER'S   SONS,  PUBLISHERS, 

743  AND  745  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 


TURKISH  LIFE  IN  WAR  TIME, 

By    HENRY    O.    D  W  I  G  H  T, 


One  Volume,  12mo, $1.50. 

Mr.  Dwight's  familiarity  with  the  languages  and  manners  of  the  capital. 
and  his  numerous  sources  of  information  from  almost  all  parts  of  Turkey, 
have  enabled  him  to  give  a  most  faithful  account  of  the  transactions  of  the 
war  as  seen  from  a  Turkish  point  of  view,  and  also  incidentally  to  put  his 
reader  in  possession  of  much  information  respecting  the  motley  races  under 
Turkish  rule. 

"The  work  can  be  especially  commended  as  a  graphic,  and  clear,  and  never-wearying 
story.11 — N.  Y.  Commercial  Advertiser. 

"The  book  fills  a  place  in  the  literature  relating  to  its  subject  which,  so  far  as  we  can 
judge,  would  be  empty  without  it." — Boston  Congregationalist. 

"  It  is  even  more  charming  than  a  good  book  of  travel ;  for  the  author  pictures  scenes 
with  which  he  is  familiar,  and  knows  the  full  value  of  every  incident  he  records." — Cin 
cinnati  Christian  Standard. 

"  It  abounds  in  stirring  incident  of  most  exciting  times,  graphic  descriptions  of 
thrilling  scenes,  and  information  of  importance  to  statesmen  and  of  great  interest  to  the 
general  reader." — N.  Y.  Observer. 

"A  better  idea  of  the  Turkish  character  may  be  gained  through  the  many  anecdotes 
and  descriptions  of  scenes  given  by  the  writer,  than  by  the  study  of  any  previous  history 
with  which  we  are  acquainted." — Baptist  Weekly. 

"  No  book  yet  published  covers  precisely  the  same  ground,  or  handles  the  subject  in 
precisely  the  same  way.  We  find  ourselves,  in  its  perusal,  lending  very  much  the  sort 
of  attention  to  it  that  we  should  to  the  narrative  of  a  friend  who  had  passed  through  ihe 
scenes  which  Mr.  Dwight's  letters  portray.1' — Syracuse  Herald. 

"This  book  is  the  most  vivid  and  faithful  sketch  of  Turkish  character  thru  we  have 

ever  seen It  is  mainly  a  series  of  interesting  notes  and  sketches,  giving  those 

little  details  of  life  and  thought  from  day  to  day,  in  a  time  of  great  excitement,  which 
are  so  essential  in  order  to  gain  an  accurate  know.edge  of  any  people." — The  Nation. 

"  The  book  has  more  than  a  transient  value.  It  is  a  contribution  to  history.  The 
author  has  not  only  descriptive  talent,  but  a  gift  for  discerning  the  meaning  of  the  political 
and  military  manoeuvres,  which  encompassed  Constantinople.  While  sufficiently  inter 
esting  to  the  general  reader,  the  book  is  full  of  information  for  the  student  of  manners 
and  of  pol  tical  affairs." — N.  Y.  Christian  Advocate. 

"It  is  to  us  admirable  in  every  sense.  It  is  judicious,  discriminating,  comprehen 
sive,  impartial,  free  from  animosity  in  its  thorough  and  candid  criticisms;  eminently 
clear,  vigorous,  and  animated  in  expression  ;  tells  us  just  what  we  wish  to  know,  and 

wastes  no  time  in  doing  it The  book  is  one  to  which  the  reader  can  sur 

render  himself  and  simply  enjoy." — N.  Y.  Christian  Intelligencer. 

"'Turkish  Life  in  War  Time,'  does  not  pretend  to  be  a  history  of  the  Russian  wa^, 
but  it  is  a  more  valuable  work  than  any  so-called  history  we  have  seen.  It  is  a  record, 
the  almost  daily  record,  of  a  very  keen  observer,  who  set  down  the  events  that  he  saw. 
and  who,  from  acquaintance  with  the  Orient,  understood  the  bearing  of  those  events.  li 
has  all  the  interest  of  a  personal  narrative,  and  all  the  weight  that  we  accord  to  an  honest 
and  well-informed  observer.  It  is  to  such  records  of  eye-witnesses  as  these  that  future 
historians  must  resort.'1 — Hartford  Courant. 


*^*  For  sale    by  all   booksellers,    or  sent,  post-paid,    upon    receipt  of 
4rtce,  by 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  PUBLISHERS, 

743  AND  745  BROADWAY,  NEW  Your 


LIFE    OF 

Lord    Lawrence 

BY 

R.    BOSWORTH    SMITH,   M.A., 

LATE    FELLOW   OF   TRINITY   COLLEGE;    ASSISTANT   MASTER  AT    HARROW 

SCHOOL. 


With  Maps  and  Portraits,  2  vols.,  8vo,  $5.OO. 


"As  a  biography,  the  work  is  an  inthralling  one,  rich  in 
anecdotes  and  incidents  of  Lord  Lawrence's  tempestuous  nature 
and  beneficent  career  that  bring  into  bold  relief  his  strongly- 
marked  and  almost  colossal  individuality,  and  rich  also  in  in 
stances  of  his  courage,  his  fortitude,  his  perseverance,  his  self- 
control,  his  magnanimity,  and  in  the  details  of  the  splendid 
results  of  his  masterful  and  masterly  policy.  .  .  .  We  know 
of  no  work  on  India  to  which  the  reader  can  refer  with  so  great 
certainty  for  full  and  dispassionate  information  relative  to  the 
government  of  the  country,  the  characteristics  of  its  people,  and 
the  fateful  events  of  the  forty  eventful  years  of  Lord  Lawrence's 
Indian  career." — Harper's  Magazine. 

11  John  Lawrence,  the  name  by  which  the  late  Viceroy  of  India 
will  always  be  best  known,  has  been  fortunate  in  his  biographer, 
Mr.  Bosworth  Smith,  who  is  an  accomplished  writer  and  a  faith 
ful,  unflinching  admirer  of  his  hero.  He  has  produced  an  enter 
taining  as  well  as  a  valuable  book  ;  the  general  reader  will 
certainly  find  it  attractive  ;  the  student  of  recent  history  will 
discover  in  its  pages  matters  of  deep  interest  to  him." — London 
Daily  Telegraph. 

*#*  For  sale  by  all  booksellers,  or  sent,  post-paid,  upon  receipt  of  price,  by 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  PUBLISHERS, 

743  AND  745  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 


The  Twelfth  Thousand  now  ready. 

THE  RUSSIANS 

AT  THE 

GATES  OF  HERAT. 

By  CHARLES  MARVIN, 

Principal  authority  of  the  English  press  on  the  Central  Asia  Dispute. 

Paper,  5O  Cents.  Cloth,  $1.OO. 

ILLUSTRATED   WITH  PORTRAITS  AND  MAPS. 


"  A  perfect  mine  of  information." — N.   Y.  Times. 

"  The  most  important  contribution  to  a  complete  understand!:  g  of 
the  present  quarrel  between  England  and  Russia." — N.  Y.  Tribune. 

"  Precisely  meets  the  public  want.  The  sale  ought  to  reach  100,000 
at  least. " — N.  Y.  Journal  of  Commerce. 

"It  is  an  admirable  summary  ;  as  an  introduction  and  key  to  the 
daily  despatches  it  is  invaluable. " — N.  Y.  Evening  Post. 

"  Mr.  Marvin  is  the  best  informed  man  in  England  on  the  subject. 
.  .  .  We  commend  his  book." —  Washington  Army  and  Navy  Register. 

1 '  The  book  abounds  in  vivid  descriptions  and  is  invaluable  at  this 
time. " — Philadelphia  Bulletin. 

"  Well  written,  highly  impartial,  and  the  best  summary  of  the  ques 
tions  now  in  issue.  It  is  heartily  recommended  to  everybody  who  cares 
to  understand  the  Herat  trouble." — Boston  Beacon. 

"  Absolutely  necessary  to  an  intelligent  comprehension  of  the  im 
pending  struggle,  no  work  has  been  put  forth  containing  so  much 
accurate  and  trustworthy  information  as  this." — Newark  Advertiser. 


For  sale  by  all  booksellers •,  or  sent,  post-paid,  by  the  publishers. 

CHARLES    SCRIBNER'S    SONS, 

and  74.5  Broadway,  New   York. 


BRIEF  LIST  OF  BOOKS  OF  FICTION 
PUBLISHED  BY  CHARLES  SCRIBNERS  SONS 


George  W.  Cable. 

THE  GRANDISSIMES.  New  edition.  i2mo,  .  .  $1.25 
OLD  CREOLE  DAYS.  New  edition.  i2mo,  .  .  .1.25 
The  same  in  two  parts.  i6mo.  Cloth,  each,  750.;  paper, 

each, 30 

MADAME   DELPHINE.     i2mo,  .      _,.        .        ..       .    .75 

Edward  Eggleston. 

ROXY.  A  Tale  of  Indiana  Life.  Illustrated.  I2mo,  1.50 
THE  CIRCUIT  RIDER.  A  Tale.  Illustrated.  12010,  1.50 
THE  HOOSIER  SCHOOLMASTER.  Illustrated.  i2mo,  1.25 
THE  MYSTERY  OF  METROPOLISVILLE.  Illustrated. 

I2tno, 1.50 

THE  END  OF  THE  WORLD.  A  Love  Story.  Illustrated. 

i2mo,     .        .         .     "   .        ....        .          1.50 

Complete  Sets  (in  box),  .  .  .  .  .  7.25 

y.  G.  Holland. 

SEVENOAKS.     Small  i2mo,          .        ;  .  .  1.25 

THE  BAY  PATH.    Small  i2mo,          .        .  .  ,  1.25 

ARTHUR  BONNICASTLE.    Small  i2mo,       .  .  .  i.2>> 

Miss  GILBERT'S  CAREER.     Small  i2mo,  .  «  1.25 

NICHOLAS  MINTURN.    Small  i2mov          .  .  *.  1.25 

Frances  Hodgson  Burnett. 

THAT    LASS    o'   LOWRIE'S.     Illustrated.    i2mo.  Paper, 

5oc.;  cloth,     .         .         .     .   ,       ...         .         .  1.50 

HAWORTH'S.     Illustrated.     i2mo,       .         .         .        .  1.50 

LOUISIANA.     i2mo,      .        .        .  .        .        .  i.oo 

SURLY  TIM  and  Other  Stories.     Small  I2mo,     .        .  1.25 

EARLIER  STORIES. 

LINDSAY'S  LUCK.     i6mo.     Paper,        .        .       .        .       .        .      .30 

PRETTY  POLLY  PEMBERTON.     i6mo.     Paper, 40 

KATHLEEN.     i6mo.     Paper, 40 

THEO.     i6mo.     Paper, 30 

Miss  CRESPIGNY.     i6mo.     Paper,        .  30 


LIST  OF  BOOKS  OF  FICTION. 


Frank    R.   Stockton. 

RUDDER  GRANGE.     i2mo.     Paper,  60  cents ;  clotn,        $1.25 

THE  LADY  OR  THE  TIGER?  and  Other  Stories.     i2mo. 

'  Paper,  50  cents ;  cloth, i.oo 

George  P.  Lathrop. 

NEWPORT.  i2mo.  Paper,  5oc.;  cloth,  .  .  .  1.25 
AN  ECHO  OF  PASSION.  I2mo.  Paper,  5oc.;  cloth,  i.oo 
IN  THE  DISTANCE.  i2mo.  Paper,  5oc.;  cloth,  .  i.oo 

Saxe  Holnf  s  Stories. 
FIRST  SERIES. 

"  Draxy  Miller's  Dowry,"  "  The  Elder's  Wife,"  "  Whose 
Wife  Was  She  ?  "  "  The  One-Legged  Dancers,"  "  How 
One  Woman  Kept  Her  Husband,"  "  Esther  Wynn's 
Love  Letters."  I2ino.  Paper,  500.;  cloth,  .  .  i.oo 

SECOND  SERIES. 

"A  Four-Leaved  Clover,"  u  Farmer  Bassett's  Romance," 
"  My  Tourmaline,"  "  Joe  Hale's  Red  Stocking."  "Su 
san  Lawton's  Escape."  I2mo.  Paper,  5oc.;  cloth,  i.oo 


H.  H.    Boyesen. 

FALCONBERG.     Illustrated.     i2mo,     .... 
GUNNAR.     A  Tale  of  Norse  Life.     Square  I2mo, 
TALES  FROM  Two  HEMISPHERES.     Square  i2mo,  . 
ILKA  ON  THE  HILL  TOP,  and  Other  Stories.  Square  121110, 
QUEEN  TITANIA.     Square  i2mo,       .... 


.50 

.25 
.00 

.00 

.00 


Edward  Everett  Hale. 
PHILIP  NOLAN'S  FRIENDS.     Illustrated.     i2mo,       .          1.75 

Augustus  M.   Swift. 

CUPID,  M.D.     A  Story.     i6mo,  ....          i.oo 


LIST  OF  BOOKS  OF  FICTION 


Stories   by   American  Authors. 

A  collection  of  the  most  noteworthy  stories  written  in 
recent  years,  not  hitherto  printed  in  book  form,  now  pub 
lished  by  arrangement  with  the  authors. 

I. — WHO  WAS  SHE  ?  Bayard  Taylor.  THE  DOCUMENTS  IN  THE  CASE,  Bran- 
der  Matthews  and  H.  C.  Bunner.  ONE  OF  THE  THIRTY  PIECES,  William 
Henry  Bishop.  BALACCHI  BROTHERS,  Rebecca  Harding  Davis.  AN 
OPERATION  IN  MONEY,  Albert  Webster.  i6mo,  .  .  .  $>  .50 

II. — THE  TRANSFERRED  GHOST,  Frank  R.  Stockton.  A  MARTYR  TO  SCIENCE, 
Mary  Putnam  Jacobi,  M.D.  MRS.  KNOLLYS,  J.  S.  of  Dale.  A  DINNER 
PARTY,  John  Eddy.  THE  MOUNT  OF  SORROW,  Harriet  Prescott  Spofford. 
SISTER  SILVIA,  Mary  Agnes  Tinker.  i6mo,  .  .  .  .  .  .50 

III.— THE  SPIDER'S  EYE,  Lucretia  P.  Hale.  A  STORY  OF  THE  LATIN  QUARTER, 
Frances  Hodgson  Burnett.  Two  PURSE-COMPANIONS,  George  Parsons 
Lathrop.  POOR  OGLA-MOGA,  David  D.  Lloyd.  A  MEMORABLE  MURDER, 
Celia  Thaxter.  VENETIAN  GLASS,  Brander  Matthews.  i6mo,  .  .  .50 

IV. — Miss  GRIEF,  Constance  Fenimore  Woolson.  LOVE  IN  OLD  CLOATHES, 
H.  C.  Bunner.  Two  BUCKETS  IN  A  WELL,  N.  P.  Willis.  FRIEND  BARTON'S 
CONCERN,  Mary  Hallock  Foote.  AN  INSPIRED  LOBBYIST,  J.  W.  DeForest. 
LOST  IN  THE  FOG,  Noah  Brooks.  i6mo,  ......  .50 

V. — A  LIGHT  MAN,  Henry  James.  YATIL,  F.  D.  Millet.  THE  END  OF  NEW 
YORK,  Park  Benjamin.  WHY  THOMAS  WAS  DISCHARGED,  George 
Arnold.  THE  TACHYPOMP,  E.  P.  Mitchell.  i6mo,  ....  .50 

VI.— THE  VILLAGE  CONVICT,  C.  H.  White.  THE  DENVER  EXPRESS,  A.  A. 
Hayes.  THE  MISFORTUNES  OF  BRO'  THOMAS  WHEATLEY,  Lina  Redwood 
Fairfax.  THE  HEARTBREAK  CAMEO,  Mrs.  L.  W.  Champney.  Miss 
EUNICE'S  GLOVE,  Albert  Webster.  BROTHER  SEBASTIAN'S  FRIENDSHIP, 
Harold  Frederick.  i6mo,  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .50 

VII. — THE  BISHOP'S  VAGABOND,  Octave  Thanet.  LOST,  Edward  Bellamy. 
KIRBY'S  COALS  OF  FIRE,  Louise  Stockton.  PASSAGES  FROM  THE  JOURNAL 
OF  A  SOCIAL  WRECK,  Margaret  Floyd.  STELLA  GRAYLAND,  James  T. 
McKay.  THE  IMAGE  OF  SAN  DONATO,  Virginia  W.  Johnson,  .  .  .50 

VIII. — THE  BRIGADE  COMMANDER,  J.  W.  DeForest.  SPLIT  ZEPHYR,  Henry  A. 
Beers.  ZERVIAH  HOPE,  Elizabeth  Stuart  Phelps.  THE  LIFE  MAGNET, 
Alvey  A.  Adee.  OSGOOD'S  PREDICAMENT,  Elizabeth  D.  B.  Stoddard,  .  .50 

IX.— MARSE  CHAN,  Thomas  Nelson  Page.  MR.  BIXBY'S  CHRISTMAS  VISITOR, 
Charles  S.  Gage.  ELI,  C.  H.  White.  YOUNG  STRONG  OF  THE  CLARION, 
Millicent  Washburn  Shinn.  How  OLD  WIGGINS  WORE  SHIP,  Captain 
Rowland  F.  Coffin.  " MAS  HAS  COME,"  Leonard  Kipp,  .  .  .  .50 

X.— PANCHA,  T.  A.  Janvier.  THE  ABLEST  MAN  IN  THE  WORLD,  E.  P. 
Mitchell.  YOUNG  MOLL'S  PEEVY,  C.  A.  Stephens.  MANMAT'HA,  Charles 
de  Kay.  A  DARING  FICTION,  H.  H.  Boyesen.  THE  STORY  OF  Two 
LIVES,  Julia  Schayer,  .........  .50 

Complete  Sets,  10  vols.  in  a  box>  $5.00. 


JOHN  BULL  AND  HIS  ISLAND. 


One  volume,  12mo,  paper,  5O  cents;  cloth,  $1.0O. 


This  witty  and  incisive  book  on  England,  by  an  anonymous  French 
author,  is  the  sensation  of  the  moment  in  Paris,  London,  and  America. 
The  British  press  and  public  have  been  compelled  to  laugh  over  the 
admirable  cleverness  of  the  study,  even  while  they  protested  ;  and  the 
fairer  critics  have  recognized  the  striking  truth  and  merit  of  the  more 
serious  criticism  which  forms  no  insignificant  part  of  it. 


"Certainly  not  in  our  day  has  appeared  a  more  biting,  com 
prehensive,  and  clever  satire  than  this  anonymous  French  account 
of  England.  The  author  must  have  acquired  his  wonderful  famili 
arity  with  Great  Britain  by  a  long  and  observant  residence  within 
her  borders,  and  the  shrewdness  with  which  he  puts  his  ringer  upon 
the  weak  spots  of  the  English  character  is  little  short  of  marvelous. 
Either  because  he  is  shrewd  enough  to  understand  that  an  admixture 
of  praise  makes  more  effective  his  satire,  or — and  we  believe  the 
latter — from  genuine  admiration,  he  has  much  to  say  that  is  good  of 
both  people  and  island.  .  .  .  It  is  certainly  not  to  be  wondered 
that  the  volume  has  produced  a  profound  sensation  in  London ;  and 
it  will  undoubtedly  be  widely  read  in  this  country.  Enemies  of 
England  will  read  it  with  wicked  glee ;  her  friends  with  a  mixture  of 
pride  and  humiliation  ;  nobody,  we  apprehend,  with  indifference. "- 
Boston  Advertiser. 


For  sale  by  all  booksellers,  or  sent,  post-paid,  upon  receipt  of  p"^e,  by 

*   CHARLES   SCRIBNER'S    SONS,  Publishers, 
743  AND  745  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 


X374 

V 


M92559 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


